Thermal Inversion · 逆温现象
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| lid/lɪd/ | 盖子 | gài zi |
| thermal inversion/ˈθɜːml ɪnˈvɜːʃn/ | 逆温现象 | nì wēn xiàn xiàng |
| inversion/ɪnˈvɜːʃn/ | 逆温 | nì wēn |
A lid on the air
- Normally, air near the warm ground rises and carries pollution away.
- Sometimes this stops working, and smog just sits there.
- The cause is a thermal inversion 逆温现象.
- It puts a warm lid over a city and traps the dirty air.
空气上的盖子
- 通常,温暖地面附近的空气上升,把污染带走。
- 有时这停止起作用,烟雾就停在那里。
- 原因是逆温(thermal inversion)。
- 它在城市上方放一个暖盖子,困住脏空气。
The normal case
- Usually the air gets colder as you go higher.
- Warm air near the ground is lighter, so it rises.
- Rising warm air carries pollution up and away.
- The air near the ground stays fairly clean.
正常情况
- 通常你越往高处走,空气越冷。
- 地面附近温暖的空气较轻,所以它上升。
- 上升的暖空气把污染带上去并带走。
- 地面附近的空气保持相当干净。
In a · 在 thermal inversion, the unusual thing is that… · 在逆温中,不寻常的是……
Normally air cools with height. In an inversion, a warm layer sits on top of cooler air — upside down. · 通常空气随高度变冷。在逆温中,一层暖空气在冷空气上面——颠倒了。
The inversion
- In an inversion 逆温, a layer of warm air sits above the cool air.
- This is upside down from normal — hence "inversion".
- The warm layer acts like a lid 盖子 on the cool air below.
- Cool, polluted air cannot rise through it and escape.
逆温
- 在逆温(inversion)中,一层暖空气在冷空气上面。
- 这和正常颠倒——因此叫"逆温"。
- 暖空气层像下面冷空气上的一个盖子(lid)。
- 冷的、污染的空气无法穿过它上升并逃逸。
How a thermal inversion traps pollution · 逆温如何困住污染
See how a warm-air lid stops polluted air from rising and clearing away. · 看一层暖空气盖子如何阻止污染的空气上升并散去。
A thermal inversion makes air pollution… · 逆温使空气污染……
The warm lid stops polluted air from rising and clearing, so smog builds up near the ground. · 暖盖子阻止污染的空气上升和散去,所以烟雾在地面附近积累。
The warm air layer acts like a ____ that traps pollution below it. · 暖空气层像一个____,把污染困在它下面。
The warm layer is a lid — cooler polluted air cannot rise through it and escape. · 暖空气层是一个盖子——较冷的污染空气无法穿过它逃逸。
Pollution piles up
- With no way to rise, pollution builds up near the ground.
- Smog grows thicker hour by hour under the lid.
- Cities in valleys are hit hardest — hills hold the cool air in.
- The smog clears only when the weather breaks the inversion.
污染堆积
- 没有办法上升,污染在地面附近积累。
- 烟雾在盖子下面一小时比一小时厚。
- 山谷中的城市受打击最严重——山把冷空气挡在里面。
- 只有天气打破逆温时烟雾才散去。
Cities in valleys can suffer worse inversions because hills hold the cool air in. · 山谷中的城市能遭受更严重的逆温,因为山把冷空气挡在里面。
Surrounding hills trap the cool air and its pollution, making valley inversions especially bad. · 周围的山困住冷空气和它的污染,使山谷逆温尤其严重。
Select all · 所有 true statements about thermal inversions. · 选出关于逆温的所有正确说法。
An inversion puts warm air on top, trapping pollution and worsening smog. It does not clear the air. · 逆温把暖空气放在上面,困住污染并加重烟雾。它不清洁空气。
The whole trick is the reversed temperature order. Normal air: cold on top, warm below → warm air rises → pollution disperses. Inversion: warm on top, cool below → the cool air (and its pollution) can't rise through the warm lid → smog is trapped. An inversion doesn't make pollution; it stops pollution from clearing.
整个诀窍是颠倒的温度顺序。正常空气:上面冷,下面暖→暖空气上升→污染散开。逆温:上面暖,下面冷→冷空气(和它的污染)无法穿过暖盖子上升→烟雾被困住。逆温不制造污染;它阻止污染散去。
A valley city in winter:
- Cold air pools in the valley overnight; a layer of warm air settles above it.
- Morning traffic and heating pump pollution into that trapped cold air.
- The warm lid holds it all down, and with hills blocking the wind, the smog thickens for days — until a storm finally mixes the air and clears it.
冬天的一座山谷城市:
- 冷空气整夜在山谷里积聚;一层暖空气落在它上面。
- 早晨的交通和供暖把污染泵入那被困的冷空气。
- 暖盖子把它全部压住,加上山挡住风,烟雾变厚好几天——直到一场风暴终于把空气搅动并清除它。
A thermal inversion flips the usual pattern: a layer of warm air sits above cooler air, acting as a lid. Cool, polluted air near the ground cannot rise through it, so smog is trapped and builds up. Inversions make air pollution far worse, especially in cities ringed by hills.
逆温颠倒通常的模式:一层暖空气在较冷的空气上面,像一个盖子。地面附近冷的、污染的空气无法穿过它上升,所以烟雾被困住并积累。逆温使空气污染严重得多,尤其在被山环绕的城市里。