Adaptations · 适应
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| adaptation/ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ | 适应 | shì yìng |
| structural/ˈstrʌktʃərəl/ | 结构的 | jié gòu de |
| behavioural/bɪˈheɪvjərəl/ | 行为的 | xíng wéi de |
| physiological/ˌfɪzɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ | 生理的 | shēng lǐ de |
Built to survive
- A polar bear has thick fur; a cactus stores water; a bird flies south for winter.
- Each of these features helps the organism survive where it lives.
- Such helpful, inherited features are called adaptations.
- They come in three main kinds.
为生存而生
- 北极熊有厚厚的皮毛;仙人掌储水;鸟为过冬向南飞。
- 这些特征每一个都帮助生物在它生活的地方生存。
- 这样有帮助的、可遗传的特征叫做适应。
- 它们有三种主要的类型。
Structural adaptations
- An adaptation 适应 is an inherited feature that helps survival.
- A structural 结构的 adaptation is a physical body feature.
- A polar bear's thick fur, a camel's fat-storing hump, a cactus's spines.
- These are shapes and structures you can see.
结构适应
- 一个适应(adaptation)是一个帮助生存的可遗传特征。
- 一个结构的(structural)适应是一个物理的身体特征。
- 北极熊厚厚的皮毛、骆驼储脂的驼峰、仙人掌的刺。
- 这些是你能看见的形状和结构。
An adaptation is… · 一个适应是……
An adaptation is an inherited feature that helps an organism survive and reproduce. · 一个适应是一个可遗传的特征,帮助生物生存和繁殖。
Behavioural adaptations
- A behavioural 行为的 adaptation is an action or habit that aids survival.
- Birds migrating south to escape winter cold.
- Animals hibernating to survive a season of scarcity.
- These are things the organism does, not just how it is built.
行为适应
- 一个行为的(behavioural)适应是一个帮助生存的动作或习惯。
- 鸟向南迁徙以躲避冬天的寒冷。
- 动物冬眠以熬过一个稀缺的季节。
- 这些是生物所做的事,而不只是它如何构造。
A thick fur coat is which type of adaptation? · 厚厚的皮毛是哪种类型的适应?
A fur coat is a structural adaptation — a physical body feature. · 皮毛是一个结构适应——一个物理的身体特征。
Birds flying south for winter is a ____ adaptation. · 鸟为过冬向南飞是一个____适应。
Migration is a behavioural adaptation — an action that helps survival. · 迁徙是一个行为适应——一个帮助生存的动作。
Physiological adaptations
- A physiological 生理的 adaptation is an internal body process.
- A snake making venom, or a body making antifreeze proteins for cold.
- These work inside the organism, out of sight.
- All three types arise slowly, through natural selection.
生理适应
- 一个生理的(physiological)适应是一个内部的身体过程。
- 一条蛇制造毒液,或一个身体为寒冷制造抗冻蛋白。
- 这些在生物内部工作,看不见。
- 这三种类型都缓慢地、通过自然选择产生。
What kind of adaptation? · 哪种适应?
Sort each adaptation by its type - a body structure, a behaviour, or an internal process. · 按照类型给每个适应分类——一种身体结构、一种行为,还是一种内部过程。
Adaptations arise over many generations through natural selection. · 适应经过许多代通过自然选择产生。
Helpful features are favoured by natural selection and spread through a population over time. · 有帮助的特征被自然选择青睐,随时间在种群中传播。
Select all · 所有 true statements about adaptations. · 选出关于适应的所有正确说法。
Adaptations arise over generations, not instantly. The other three are correct. · 适应经过许多代产生,不是瞬间的。其余三条正确。
Adaptations do not appear in a single lifetime because an animal "tries". They arise over many generations through natural selection — helpful inherited features spread because their owners survive and reproduce more. An animal cannot simply grow the adaptation it needs on demand.
适应不因为一个动物"努力"就在一个生命周期内出现。它们经过许多代通过自然选择产生——有帮助的可遗传特征传播,是因为它们的拥有者生存并繁殖得更多。一个动物不能简单地按需长出它需要的适应。
A camel, adapted for the desert:
- Structural: a fatty hump stores energy, and long lashes keep out sand.
- Behavioural: it rests in shade during the hottest hours.
- Physiological: it can go days without water by concentrating its urine. Three kinds of adaptation in one animal.
一头适应了沙漠的骆驼:
- 结构:一个脂肪驼峰储存能量,长睫毛挡住沙子。
- 行为:它在最热的时段在阴影里休息。
- 生理:它能通过浓缩尿液几天不喝水。一头动物身上有三种适应。
An adaptation is an inherited feature that helps an organism survive. There are three types: structural (body features), behavioural (actions), and physiological (internal processes). All arise over many generations through natural selection, not within a single lifetime.
一个适应是一个帮助生物生存的可遗传特征。有三种类型:结构的(身体特征)、行为的(动作)和生理的(内部过程)。它们都经过许多代通过自然选择产生,而不是在一个生命周期内。