The Body Paragraph · 正文段落
One sentence in three is the one that scores
- The CED's statement of a body paragraph is exact and worth memorising word for word.
- The body paragraphs of a written argument make claims, support them with evidence, and provide commentary that explains the relationship of the evidence to the claim.
- Three parts, in that order, every time.
A claim and its evidence without commentary are two people pointing at each other, waiting to be introduced.
三句里有一句才是得分的那句
- CED 对主体段落的表述十分精确,值得逐字背下来。
- 书面论证的主体段落提出主张,以证据支撑主张,并提供解释证据与主张之关系的评述。
- 三个部分,按这一顺序,每一次都如此。
论点和证据之间若没有解释，就像两个人互相指着对方，等着别人来介绍。
Part one: the claim
- Narrower than the thesis, still arguable, and specific enough that your evidence bears on it.
- It usually opens the paragraph, though it need not.
- If it could open any paragraph in the essay, it is too vague to direct this one.
第一部分:主张
- 比论点更窄,仍然可辩护,并且具体到你的证据与之相关。
- 它通常放在段首,尽管不必如此。
- 如果它能给文中任何一段开头,那它就含糊得指挥不了这一段。
Put the three parts of a body paragraph in the CED's order. · 按照CED的顺序排列正文段落的三个部分。
Three parts, in that order, in every body paragraph. · 正文段落中始终包含这三个部分，顺序如下。
Part two: the evidence
- Embedded in your own sentence, not announced and then quoted.
- Chosen for a stated reason, not because it was available.
- Long enough to carry the point and no longer.
第二部分:证据
- 嵌入你自己的句子,而不是先通告再引用。
- 因明确的理由而被选取,而不是因为手边有。
- 长到足以承载要点即可,不要更长。
Which part is this sentence? · 这个句子属于哪一部分？
Label each sentence by its role in the body paragraph. · 根据其在正文段落中的角色标记每个句子。
When an AP Language essay loses evidence-and-commentary points, it is almost always because paragraphs that have a claim and evidence have no commentary. That is the third part, it carries most of four rubric points, and it is the one students skip.
当一篇 AP 语言与写作的文章丢掉"证据与评述"的分数时,几乎总是因为有主张、有证据的段落没有评述。那是第三部分,承载着四分中的大部分,而它正是学生会跳过的那一部分。
Commentary should explain... · 评论应解释……
Restating the evidence is summary; explaining the relationship · 关系 is commentary. · 重述证据是摘要；解释关系才是评论。
Select all · 所有 the commentary openers that force a relationship. · 选出所有能强制建立关系的评论开头语。
"The quotation says" invites a restatement; the other three demand a link. · “引文说”邀请重述；其他三项要求建立链接。
Most lost evidence-and-commentary marks come from paragraphs with no evidence. · 大多数证据与评论失分来自没有证据的段落。
They come from paragraphs that have claim and evidence but no commentary. · 它们来自既有主张又有证据但没有评论的段落。
Part three: the commentary
- Explains the relationship of the evidence to the claim — not what the evidence says.
- Begin it with a word that forces a link: because, which means, so, the effect of this is.
- This is where the marks are, and it is the part students leave out.
第三部分:评述
- 解释证据与主张之间的关系——而不是证据说了什么。
- 用一个强迫产生联系的词开头:因为、这意味着、所以、其效果是。
- 分数就在这里,而这也是学生会漏掉的部分。
Read the claim, skip the evidence, read the commentary — they should still . · 阅读论点，跳过证据，再读评论——它们本应仍然。
If the commentary needs the quotation in view to make sense, it is summary. · 如果评论需要看到引文才能讲得通，那就是摘要。
The one-minute check
- Read your claim, skip the evidence, read your commentary. Do they connect?
- If the commentary only makes sense with the quotation in view, it is summary.
- Fix it by asking: what does this evidence let me say that I could not say without it?
一分钟检查
- 读你的主张,跳过证据,读你的评述。两者是否连得上?
- 如果评述只有对着引文才说得通,那它就是概括。
- 补救办法是问:这条证据让我说出了什么、是没有它我说不出的?
"The scheme's own report shows completion falling from 62% to 48%" is evidence. "Which means the scheme lost precisely the students it was funded to keep — so its own measure records the failure it was meant to prevent" is commentary. The second sentence is where the marks are.
*"该方案自己的报告显示完成率从 62% 降到 48%"是证据。"这意味着该方案恰恰流失了它受资助去留住的那些学生——因此它自己的指标记录下的,正是它本要防止的那次失败"*才是评述。分数就在第二句。
Every body paragraph makes a claim, supports it with evidence, and provides commentary explaining the relationship between them. The claim is narrow and arguable, the evidence embedded and chosen for a reason, and the commentary begins with a word that cannot be followed by a restatement.
每个主体段落都提出主张、以证据支撑它,并提供解释两者关系的评述。主张要窄而可辩护,证据要嵌入且有理由地选取,而评述要以一个后面接不了复述的词开头。