Solubility · 溶解度
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| saturated solution/ˈsætʃəreɪtɪd səˈluːʃn/ | 饱和溶液 | bǎo hé róng yè |
Why oil and water won't mix
- Salt vanishes in water but sand does not.
- Oil floats in a stubborn layer, refusing to blend.
- Whether something dissolves follows a simple rule of thumb.
- "Like dissolves like" -- match the type and it mixes.
为什么油和水不相溶
- 盐在水中消失,而沙子不会。
- 油顽固地浮成一层,拒绝融合。
- 某样东西是否溶解,遵循一条简单的经验法则。
- "相似相溶"——类型匹配,它就混合。
Like dissolves like
- Polar solvents dissolve polar and ionic solutes.
- Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.
- Water (polar) dissolves salt; oil (nonpolar) does not.
相似相溶
- 极性溶剂溶解极性和离子溶质。
- 非极性溶剂溶解非极性溶质。
- 水(极性)溶解盐;油(非极性)不溶解盐。
A polar solvent like water best dissolves solutes that are... · 像水这样的极性溶剂最能溶解____的溶质。
By "like dissolves like", polar water dissolves polar and ionic solutes. · 根据“相似相溶”原理，极性水能溶解极性和离子型溶质。
Oil (nonpolar) dissolves readily in water (polar). · 油（非极性）易溶于水（极性）。
Unlike polarities do not mix, so oil and water separate. · 不同的极性不互溶，因此油和水会分层。
The guiding rule for dissolving is "like dissolves ". · 溶解的指导原则是“相似相”。
Similar polarities dissolve each other. · 相似的极性相互溶解。
How much will dissolve
- A saturated solution 饱和溶液 holds the maximum solute at that temperature.
- Below that limit it is unsaturated, and more can still dissolve.
- Add extra beyond the limit and it simply settles out.
能溶解多少
- 饱和溶液在该温度下容纳最大量的溶质。
- 在这个上限以下是不饱和的,还能溶解更多。
- 超过上限再加,它就只会沉降出来。
A solution holding the maximum solute at a given temperature is... · 在一定温度下容纳最大量溶质的溶液是...
At the maximum it is saturated; more solute just settles out. · 达到最大值时为饱和；更多的溶质只会沉淀出来。
Temperature changes solubility
- Most solids dissolve more in hot solvent than in cold.
- Gases do the opposite -- they dissolve less as it warms.
- That is why a warm soda goes flat faster.
温度改变溶解度
- 大多数固体在热溶剂中比冷溶剂中溶解得更多。
- 气体则相反——温度升高时溶解得更少。
- 这就是温汽水更快跑气的原因。
As temperature rises, the solubility of most gases in water... · 随着温度升高，大多数气体在水中的溶解度...
Gases become less soluble in warmer water -- warm soda goes flat. · 气体在温水中溶解度降低——温汽水会变平淡。
Most solids dissolve more in hot solvent than in cold. · 大多数固体在热溶剂中的溶解度比在冷溶剂中大。
Higher temperature usually raises a solid's solubility. · 较高的温度通常会提高固体的溶解度。
Will oil dissolve in water?
- Oil is nonpolar; water is polar.
- "Unlike" will not mix, so the oil stays as a separate layer.
油会溶于水吗?
- 油是非极性的;水是极性的。
- "不相似"不会混合,所以油保持为单独的一层。
Soluble or insoluble? · 可溶还是不溶？
Use the solubility rules to sort each ionic compound. · 使用溶解度规则对每种离子化合物进行分类。
"Like dissolves like" is about polarity -- polar and ionic dissolve in polar water, nonpolar in nonpolar solvents. Solids usually get more soluble as temperature rises, but gases get less soluble. And a saturated solution is not full forever: heat it and it can dissolve more.
"相似相溶"讲的是极性——极性和离子物质溶于极性的水,非极性溶于非极性溶剂。固体通常随温度升高溶解度增大,但气体溶解度减小。而且饱和溶液并非永远装满:加热它,它还能溶解更多。
Whether a solute dissolves follows "like dissolves like": polar and ionic in polar solvents, nonpolar in nonpolar. A saturated solution holds the most solute possible at that temperature. Warming usually raises a solid's solubility but lowers a gas's.
溶质是否溶解遵循"相似相溶":极性和离子物质溶于极性溶剂,非极性溶于非极性。饱和溶液在该温度下容纳尽可能多的溶质。升温通常提高固体的溶解度,却降低气体的溶解度。