Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum · 光谱学与电磁波谱
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| electromagnetic spectrum/ɪˌlektrəʊməɡˈnetɪk ˈspektrəm/ | 电磁波谱 | diàn cí bō pǔ |
Light as a ruler for matter
- Light is more than what our eyes can see.
- Radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays are all the same family.
- Shine the right kind on a substance and it responds.
- That response is a fingerprint of what is inside.
光作为量度物质的尺子
- 光不止是我们眼睛能看见的那些。
- 无线电波、微波和 X 射线都是同一个家族。
- 用合适的一种照射物质,它就会响应。
- 那份响应是内部物质的指纹。
A family ordered by energy
- The electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波谱 runs from radio waves to gamma rays.
- As frequency rises, wavelength shrinks and energy grows.
- Visible light is only a thin slice in the middle.
按能量排列的家族
- 电磁波谱从无线电波一直到伽马射线。
- 频率升高时,波长缩短、能量增大。
- 可见光只是中间薄薄的一片。
Which has the highest energy? · 哪一种具有最高的能量？
Energy rises with frequency; gamma rays have the highest frequency. · 能量随频率升高；伽马射线的频率最高。
The visible region is only a small ____ of the whole spectrum. · 可见区域只是整个波谱的一小部分____。
Visible light is a thin band within a much wider spectrum. · 可见光是宽波谱内的一条细带。
Wavelength and frequency
- All light travels at the same speed, $c = 3.0\times10^8\ \text{m/s}$.
- Wavelength and frequency are linked by $c = \lambda\nu$.
- A longer wavelength means a lower frequency.
波长与频率
- 所有光都以同一速度传播,$c = 3.0\times10^8\ \text{m/s}$。
- 波长和频率由 $c = \lambda\nu$ 联系。
- 波长更长意味着频率更低。
Wavelength and frequency are inversely related. · 波长和频率成反比关系。
$c = \lambda\nu$ is constant, so a longer $\lambda$ means a smaller $\nu$. · $c = \lambda\nu$是常数，因此更长的$\lambda$意味着更小的$\nu$。
In a vacuum, all electromagnetic waves travel at... · 在真空中，所有电磁波都以...传播
All light shares the speed $c = 3.0\times10^8\ \text{m/s}$ in a vacuum. · 所有光在真空中的速度都是$c = 3.0\times10^8\ \text{m/s}$。
Each region probes something
- Microwaves make molecules rotate; infrared makes bonds vibrate.
- Ultraviolet and visible light move electrons between levels.
- Matching the light to the change is the heart of spectroscopy.
每个波段探测一样东西
- 微波使分子转动;红外使化学键振动。
- 紫外和可见光使电子在能级之间跃迁。
- 让光与变化相匹配,是光谱学的核心。
Across the electromagnetic spectrum · 横跨电磁波谱
Slide from radio waves to gamma rays and see how wavelength, frequency and energy relate. · 从无线电波滑动到伽马射线，观察波长、频率和能量之间的关系。
Match each type of light to the change it causes. · 将每种类型的光与其引起的变化匹配。
IR vibrates bonds, UV moves electrons, microwaves rotate molecules. · IR引起键振动，UV引起电子跃迁，微波引起分子旋转。
Which has more energy, a UV photon or an infrared photon?
- UV has a higher frequency (shorter wavelength) than infrared.
- Higher frequency means more energy, so UV wins.
紫外光子和红外光子,哪个能量更大?
- 紫外的频率(波长更短)比红外高。
- 频率更高意味着能量更大,所以紫外胜出。
Compared with infrared, ultraviolet light has... · 与红外线相比，紫外线具有...
UV has a shorter wavelength, so higher frequency and energy. · UV波长更短，因此频率和能量更高。
Frequency and wavelength are inversely related ($c = \lambda\nu$) -- as one rises, the other falls. Higher frequency means shorter wavelength and higher energy, all together. Do not mix up the order: radio is low-energy, gamma is high-energy.
频率和波长成反比($c = \lambda\nu$)——一个升高,另一个降低。频率更高意味着波长更短且能量更高,一并出现。别弄错顺序:无线电波是低能量,伽马射线是高能量。
The electromagnetic spectrum orders light by energy, from radio to gamma, with $c = \lambda\nu$ tying wavelength and frequency together. Different regions probe different changes -- microwaves rotate molecules, infrared vibrates bonds, and UV-visible light moves electrons. That is how spectroscopy reads matter.
电磁波谱按能量把光排序,从无线电波到伽马射线,$c = \lambda\nu$ 把波长和频率联系起来。不同波段探测不同的变化——微波让分子转动,红外让键振动,紫外-可见光让电子跃迁。这就是光谱学解读物质的方式。