International markets · 国际市场
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| international markets/ˌɪntəˈnæʃənl ˈmɑːkɪts/ | 国际市场 | guó jì shì chǎng |
| exporting/ekˈspɔːtɪŋ/ | 出口 | chū kǒu |
| licensing/ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ/ | 许可经营 | xǔ kě jīng yíng |
| franchising/ˈfræntʃaɪzɪŋ/ | 特许经营 | tè xǔ jīng yíng |
| joint ventures/dʒɔɪnt ˈventʃəz/ | 合资企业 | hé zī qǐ yè |
| direct investment/daɪˈrekt ɪnˈvestmənt/ | 直接投资 | zhí jiē tóu zī |
| economies of scale/ɪˈkɒnəmiz ɒv skeɪl/ | 规模经济 | guī mó jīng jì |
| trade barriers/treɪd ˈbærɪəz/ | 贸易壁垒 | mào yì bì lěi |
| multinational companies/ˌmʌltɪˈnæʃənl ˈkʌmpəniz/ | 跨国公司 | kuà guó gōng sī |
Selling to the world
- Once a firm outgrows its home market, the whole world beckons — billions of new customers.
- But international markets 国际市场 bring big opportunities and big risks.
向世界销售
- 一旦一个企业超出它的本国市场,整个世界在召唤——数十亿新顾客。
- 但国际市场带来大机会和大风险。
International market lab · 国际市场实验室
See how access to world markets changes quantity and price pressure. · 观察进入世界市场如何改变数量和价格压力。
Selling home-produced goods to customers abroad is: · 将本国生产的产品销售给国外客户是：
Exporting sells domestic output overseas. · 出口是将国内产出销往海外。
Letting a local firm sell under your brand for a fee is known as . · 允许当地公司以你的品牌出售并收取费用被称为。
Franchising/licensing is a lower-risk entry method. · 特许经营/许可是低风险的市场进入方式。
Ways to enter foreign markets
- Exporting 出口: selling home-made goods abroad.
- Licensing 许可经营 / franchising 特许经营: letting a local firm produce or sell under your brand.
- Joint ventures 合资企业 and direct investment 直接投资: setting up or partnering overseas.
Market entry modes range from low-commitment exporting to setting up an own branch abroad
Digital advertising screens: marketing increasingly happens online and on screens
进入外国市场的方式
- 出口(exporting):在国外卖本国制造的商品。
- 许可/特许经营(licensing / franchising):让一个本地企业在你的品牌下生产或销售。
- 合资(joint ventures)和直接投资(direct investment):在海外建立或合伙。
市场进入方式从低承诺的出口到在海外建立自己的分支
数字广告屏幕:营销越来越多地在线上和屏幕上发生
Which are opportunities of entering international markets? (Select all that apply.) · 进入国际市场的机会有哪些？（选择所有适用项。）
Bigger markets, scale and risk-spreading are real gains; profit is never guaranteed. · 更大的市场、规模和风险分散是实际收益；利润并非 guaranteed。
Opportunities
- Access to larger markets and economies of scale 规模经济.
- Spreading risk across countries, and using cheaper resources or labour.
机会
- 进入更大市场和规模经济的途径。
- 跨各国分散风险,并使用更便宜的资源或劳动。
Which is a risk of trading internationally? · 国际贸易的风险之一是什么？
Currency swings, culture and trade barriers are key risks. · 货币波动、文化和贸易壁垒是关键风险。
A multinational company (MNC) operates in more than one country. · 跨国公司（MNC）在两个以上国家运营。
MNCs span many countries and are economically powerful. · 跨国公司跨越许多国家，经济实力强大。
Risks and the role of MNCs
- Cultural differences, exchange-rate swings, trade barriers 贸易壁垒 and legal differences.
- Multinational companies 跨国公司 (MNCs) operate in many countries — powerful, but face criticism over jobs, tax and ethics.
Worked example. A coffee chain enters a new country by franchising to local partners who know the market and culture — lower risk and cost than building its own stores from scratch.
风险与跨国公司的角色
- 文化差异、汇率波动、贸易壁垒和法律差异。
- 跨国公司(multinational companies,MNCs)在许多国家运营——强大,但在工作、税收和伦理上面对批评。
例题。 一个咖啡连锁通过特许经营给了解市场和文化的本地伙伴进入一个新国家——比从头建立自己的店更低的风险和成本。
You've got it
- entry methods: exporting, licensing/franchising, joint ventures, direct investment
- opportunities: larger markets, economies of scale, spreading risk
- risks: culture, exchange rates, trade barriers; MNCs are powerful but controversial
你掌握了
- 进入方法:出口、许可/特许经营、合资、直接投资
- 机会:更大市场、规模经济、分散风险
- 风险:文化、汇率、贸易壁垒;MNCs 强大但有争议