Delegation, delayering and matrix · 授权、削减层级和矩阵制
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| delegation/ˌdelɪˈɡeɪʃn/ | 授权 | shòu quán |
| authority/əˈθɒrɪti/ | 职权 | zhí quán |
| subordinate/sʌˈbɔːdɪnət/ | 下属 | xià shǔ |
| accountable/əˈkaʊntəbl/ | 负有责任 | fù yǒu zé rèn |
| matrix structure/ˈmeɪtrɪks ˈstrʌktʃə/ | 矩阵结构 | jǔ zhèn jié gòu |
| centralised/ˈsentrəlaɪzd/ | 集权 | jí quán |
| decentralised/dɪˈsentrəlaɪzd/ | 分权 | fēn quán |
| delayering/dɪˈleɪərɪŋ/ | 精简层级 | jīng jiǎn céng jí |
Pushing decisions down
- A manager who must approve every tiny decision becomes a bottleneck — and exhausts themselves.
- The cure is delegation 授权 and, more broadly, deciding where in the firm decisions are made.
把决策往下推
- 一个必须批准每个微小决策的经理变成一个瓶颈——并把自己累垮。
- 解药是授权(delegation),以及更广泛地,决定企业中决策在哪里做出。
Business case lab · 商业案例实验室
Classify real decisions so the main business concept becomes concrete. · 对真实决策进行分类，使主要商业概念具体化。
Delegation means: · 授权意味着：
Delegation passes authority down the hierarchy. · 授权沿层级向下传递 authority。
A manager who delegates a task remains accountable for the result. · 委派任务的经理仍对结果负责。
Authority can be delegated; accountability cannot. · Authority 可以被委托；责任无法被委托。
Delegation
- Delegation is passing authority 职权 for a task down to a subordinate 下属.
- It frees managers, develops staff and motivates — but the manager stays accountable 负有责任.
In a matrix structure 矩阵结构 a worker reports to two managers
授权
- 授权是把一个任务的权力往下传给一个下属。
- 它解放经理、发展员工并激励——但经理保持负责(accountable)。
在一个矩阵结构中一个工人向两个经理汇报
A decentralised business: · 分散型企业：
Decentralisation delegates decision-making to lower levels. · 分散化将决策权授予较低层级。
Centralisation vs decentralisation
- Centralised 集权: decisions kept at the top. Consistent and tightly controlled.
- Decentralised 分权: decisions pushed down to local managers. Faster and more responsive.
Centralised: the top decides. Decentralised: branches decide
集权对分权
- 集权(centralised):决策保持在顶部。一致且严密控制。
- 分权(decentralised):决策往下推给本地经理。更快且更有反应。
Delayering an organisation means: · 削减层级意味着：
Delayering cuts levels, widening spans of control. · 削减层级减少层级，扩大管理跨度。
A structure where staff work in cross-department project teams is a ______ structure. · 员工跨部门参与项目团队的这种结构是______结构。
Matrix structures add project teams across departments. · 矩阵结构在各部门间增加了项目团队。
Delayering 精简层级 and matrix structures
- Delayering: removing levels of hierarchy to cut cost and speed decisions — but spans widen.
- Matrix structure: staff work across project teams as well as departments — flexible, but with two bosses.
You can delegate authority, not accountability. A manager who delegates a task is still answerable for the result. Delegation shares the work, not the ultimate responsibility.
Delegation passes the task and authority down; accountability stays up
削减层级与矩阵结构
- 削减层级(delayering):移除层级以削减成本并加快决策——但幅度加宽。
- 矩阵结构(matrix structure):员工跨项目团队和部门工作——灵活,但有两个老板。
你能授权权力,不能授权责任。 一个授权一个任务的经理仍要对结果负责。授权分担工作,不是最终的责任。
You've got it
- delegation passes authority down (but the manager stays accountable)
- centralised = top control; decentralised = faster, local decisions
- delayering removes levels; a matrix structure adds cross-department project teams
你掌握了
- 授权把权力往下传(但经理保持负责)
- 集权 = 顶部控制;分权 = 更快、本地的决策
- 削减层级移除层级;一个矩阵结构增加跨部门项目团队