Business finance · 企业财务
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| finance/ˈfaɪnæns/ | 融资 | róng zī |
| start-up capital/stɑːt ʌp ˈkæpɪtl/ | 启动资金 | qǐ dòng zī jīn |
| working capital/ˈwɜːkɪŋ ˈkæpɪtl/ | 营运资本 | yíng yùn zī běn |
| revenue expenditure/ˈrevənjuː ekˈspendɪtʃə/ | 收益性支出 | shōu yì xìng zhī chū |
| capital expenditure/ˈkæpɪtl ekˈspendɪtʃə/ | 资本性支出 | zī běn xìng zhī chū |
| long-term assets/lɒŋ tɜːm ˈæsets/ | 长期资产 | cháng qī zī chǎn |
| current assets/ˈkʌrənt ˈæsets/ | 流动资产 | liú dòng zī chǎn |
| current liabilities/ˈkʌrənt ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪtiz/ | 流动负债 | liú dòng fù zhài |
Money to start, money to grow
- You can't open a shop, buy stock or pay staff on enthusiasm alone — you need finance 融资.
- Knowing why and when a business needs money is the first step in managing it.
启动的钱,增长的钱
- 你不能光靠热情开一家店、买库存或付员工——你需要资金(finance)。
- 知道一个企业为什么和何时需要钱是管理它的第一步。
Sources of finance lab · 融资来源实验
Choose the best type of finance by time, risk and ownership. · 根据时间、风险和所有权选择最佳融资类型。
Day-to-day cash for wages, suppliers and bills is called: · 用于支付工资、供应商和账单的日常现金流被称为：
Working capital funds day-to-day operations. · 营运资本用于支持日常运营。
Why businesses need finance
- Start-up capital 启动资金: premises, equipment, initial stock.
- Working capital 营运资本: day-to-day cash for wages, suppliers and bills.
- Growth: expansion, new products, takeovers.
A stock exchange: public limited companies raise finance by selling shares
为什么企业需要资金
- 启动资本(start-up capital):场所、设备、初始库存。
- 营运资本(working capital):用于工资、供应商和账单的日常现金。
- 增长:扩张、新产品、收购。
一个证券交易所:公众有限公司通过出售股份筹集资金
Buying a new factory machine is: · 购买新工厂机器属于：
Spending on a long-term asset is capital expenditure. · 对长期资产的支出是资本支出。
Paying this month's electricity bill is: · 支付本月电费属于：
Day-to-day running costs are revenue expenditure. · 日常运营成本属于收益性支出。
Capital vs revenue expenditure 收益性支出
- Capital expenditure 资本性支出: spending on long-term assets 长期资产 (machines, buildings).
- Revenue expenditure: spending on day-to-day running (wages, materials, rent).
Worked example. Buying a delivery van is capital expenditure (a long-term asset). The fuel and the driver's wages to run it are revenue expenditure (ongoing costs).
资本性支出对收益性支出
- 资本性支出(capital expenditure):在长期资产(机器、建筑)上的支出。
- 收益性支出(revenue expenditure):在日常运行(工资、材料、租金)上的支出。
例题。 买一辆送货车是资本性支出(一项长期资产)。运行它的燃料和司机的工资是收益性支出(持续的成本)。
A firm has current assets of 90 and current liabilities of 55. What is its working capital? · 一家企业的流动资产为90，流动负债为55。其营运资本是多少？
Working capital = 90 − 55 = 35. · 营运资本 = 90 − 55 = 35。
A profitable business can still fail if it runs out of working capital. · 盈利的企业仍可能因营运资本耗尽而倒闭。
Profit is not cash — too little working capital causes failure. · 利润不等于现金——营运资本不足会导致失败。
Working capital
- Working capital = current assets 流动资产 − current liabilities 流动负债: the cash a firm has to meet short-term needs.
- Too little working capital is a top cause of business failure, even for profitable firms.
营运资本
- 营运资本 = 流动资产 − 流动负债:一个企业拥有的用来满足短期需要的现金。
- 营运资本太少是企业失败的一个首要原因,即使对盈利的企业也是。
You've got it
- finance is needed for start-up, working capital and growth
- capital expenditure buys long-term assets; revenue expenditure runs the business day-to-day
- working capital = current assets − current liabilities — vital for survival
你掌握了
- 资金被需要用于启动、营运资本和增长
- 资本性支出买长期资产;收益性支出日常运行企业
- 营运资本 = 流动资产 − 流动负债——对生存至关重要