Methods of production and technology · 生产方法与技术
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| production method/prəˈdʌkʃn ˈmeθəd/ | 生产方式 | shēng chǎn fāng shì |
| job production/dʒɒb prəˈdʌkʃn/ | 单件生产 | dān jiàn shēng chǎn |
| bespoke/bɪˈspəʊk/ | 定制的 | dìng zhì de |
| batch production/bætʃ prəˈdʌkʃn/ | 批量生产 | pī liàng shēng chǎn |
| flow production/fləʊ prəˈdʌkʃn/ | 流水线生产 | liú shuǐ xiàn shēng chǎn |
| unit cost/ˈjuːnɪt kɒst/ | 单位成本 | dān wèi chéng běn |
| automation/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/ | 自动化 | zì dòng huà |
| robotics/rəʊˈbɒtɪks/ | 机器人技术 | jī qì rén jì shù |
| investment/ɪnˈvestmənt/ | 投资 | tóu zī |
| standardised/ˈstændədaɪzd/ | 标准化的 | biāo zhǔn huà de |
One-offs, batches or rivers of product
- A wedding cake, a run of 500 textbooks, and a non-stop river of bottled drinks are all "made" — but in completely different ways.
- The right production method 生产方式 depends on the product and the market.
一次性、批量,还是产品的河流
- 一个婚礼蛋糕、一批 500 本教科书,以及一条不停的瓶装饮料河流都是被"制造"的——但以完全不同的方式。
- 正确的生产方法取决于产品和市场。
Making a single, unique product to order is: · 按订单制造一个单一、独特的产品是:
Job production makes one bespoke item at a time. · 单件生产一次制造一个定制物品。
Continuous mass production on an assembly line is: · 在一条装配线上的连续大规模生产是:
Flow production runs continuously, giving a low unit cost. · 流水生产连续运行,给出一个低单位成本。
Producing groups of identical items, stage by stage, is ______ production. · 分阶段生产成组相同物品是______生产。
Batch production sits between job and flow. · 批量生产位于单件和流水之间。
The main methods
- Job production 单件生产: one unique item at a time (a bespoke 定制的 suit, a bridge). High quality, high cost.
- Batch production 批量生产: groups of identical items in stages (bread, clothing ranges).
- Flow production 流水线生产: continuous mass production on a line (cars, drinks). Low unit cost 单位成本.
The three methods of production
主要方法
- 单件生产(job production):一次一个独特的物品(一套定制西装、一座桥)。高质量,高成本。
- 批量生产(batch production):分阶段的成组相同物品(面包、服装系列)。
- 流水生产(flow production):在一条生产线上连续的大规模生产(汽车、饮料)。低单位成本。
三种生产方法
Methods of production · 生产方法
Firms choose how to produce depending on the product and the order size. · 企业根据产品和订单规模选择如何生产。
Compared with job production, flow production usually has: · 与单件生产相比,流水生产通常有:
Flow production is cheap per unit but inflexible. · 流水生产每单位便宜但不灵活。
Trade-offs
- Job: flexible, high-skill, but slow and expensive per unit.
- Flow: cheap per unit and fast, but inflexible and capital-heavy.
- Batch sits in between.
A car assembly line: flow production of identical units, one stage after another
权衡
- 单件:灵活、高技能,但每单位慢且昂贵。
- 流水:每单位便宜且快,但不灵活且资本密集。
- 批量位于两者之间。
一条汽车装配线:相同单位的流水生产,一个阶段接一个阶段
Automation suits high-volume, standardised production better than bespoke work. · 自动化比定制工作更适合高产量、标准化的生产。
For one-offs, skilled labour is often cheaper and more flexible. · 对一次性,熟练劳动常常更便宜更灵活。
Technology in operations
- Automation 自动化 and robotics 机器人技术 raise output and consistency, and cut labour cost.
- But they need heavy investment 投资 and can reduce flexibility and jobs.
More automation isn't always better. It suits high-volume, standardised 标准化的 production. For bespoke or low-volume work, skilled labour (job production) is often cheaper and more flexible.
运营中的技术
- 自动化(automation)和机器人技术提高产出和一致性,并削减劳动成本。
- 但它们需要沉重的投资且能减少灵活性和工作。
更多自动化不总是更好。 它适合高产量、标准化的生产。对定制或低产量的工作,熟练的劳动(单件生产)常常更便宜更灵活。
You've got it
- job (one-off), batch (groups), flow (continuous mass) production
- trade-off: job is flexible but costly; flow is cheap per unit but inflexible
- automation raises output and consistency but needs heavy investment
你掌握了
- 单件(一次性)、批量(成组)、流水(连续大规模)生产
- 权衡:单件灵活但昂贵;流水每单位便宜但不灵活
- 自动化提高产出和一致性但需要沉重的投资