Blood cells, plasma and tissue fluid · 血细胞、血浆和组织液
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| plasma/ˈplæzmə/ | 血浆 | xuè jiāng |
| tissue fluid/ˈtɪʃuː ˈfluːɪd/ | 组织液 | zǔ zhī yè |
| monocyte/ˈmɒnəʊsaɪt/ | 单核细胞 | dān hé xì bāo |
| neutrophil/ˈnjuːtrəfɪl/ | 中性粒细胞 | zhōng xìng lì xì bāo |
| lymphocyte/ˈlɪmfəsaɪt/ | 淋巴细胞 | lín bā xì bāo |
Blood, plasma 血浆 and tissue fluid 组织液
- Blood is mostly water carrying cells and dissolved substances.
- The liquid that leaks out to bathe your cells is tissue fluid.
- It is how every cell gets its oxygen and food.
血液、血浆和组织液
- 血液主要是携带细胞和溶解物质的 水。
- 渗出来浸泡你的细胞的液体是 组织液(tissue fluid)。
- 这是每个细胞获得它的氧气和食物的方式。
The straw-coloured liquid part of blood, which carries the cells, is the ______. · 血液中携带细胞的淡黄色液体部分是 ______。
Plasma carries cells, dissolved nutrients, hormones and waste. · 血浆携带细胞、溶解的养分、激素和废物。
Blood cells
- Red blood cells carry oxygen (packed with haemoglobin, no nucleus).
- White blood cells defend the body — you should recognise:
- monocytes 单核细胞, neutrophils 中性粒细胞 (lobed nucleus), and lymphocytes 淋巴细胞.
A stained blood smear: small red cells and one larger white cell
血细胞
- 红血球 携带 氧气(充满血红蛋白,没有细胞核)。
- 白血球 保卫身体——你应该认识:
- 单核细胞(monocytes)、中性粒细胞(neutrophils)(分叶的细胞核),和 淋巴细胞(lymphocytes)。
一张染色的血涂片:小的红细胞和一个较大的白细胞
The main job of a red blood cell is to: · 一个红血球的主要工作是:
Red blood cells are packed with haemoglobin to carry oxygen; white cells handle defence. · 红血球充满血红蛋白以携带氧气;白细胞处理防御。
Match each part of the blood to its job. · 把血液的每个部分与它的工作配对。
Red cells carry oxygen, white cells defend, platelets clot, and plasma is the liquid that carries everything. · 红细胞携带氧气,白细胞防御,血小板凝结,血浆是携带一切的液体。
Why water is ideal
- Water is a good solvent, so it carries dissolved substances (glucose, ions, gases).
- Water has a high specific heat capacity, so the blood's temperature stays steady.
为什么水是理想的
- 水是一个好的 溶剂,所以它携带溶解的物质(葡萄糖、离子、气体)。
- 水有高的 比热容,所以血液的温度保持 稳定。
Tissue fluid
- At the start of a capillary, the high blood pressure pushes liquid out of the plasma — but not the cells or large proteins.
- This liquid around the cells is tissue fluid: it supplies oxygen and glucose and carries waste away.
- Most of it returns to the capillary at the far (venous) end, where the pressure is lower.
Tissue fluid forms at the arterial end and returns at the venous end
组织液
- 在一条毛细血管的 起点,高血压把液体从 血浆(plasma) 推出去——但 不 推出细胞或大蛋白质。
- 细胞周围的这种液体是 组织液:它供应氧气和葡萄糖并带走废物。
- 它大部分在远端(静脉端)返回 毛细血管,那里压力较低。
组织液在动脉端形成并在静脉端返回
How tissue fluid forms · 组织液如何形成
Step through it. High pressure pushes plasma out at the start of a capillary; most is drawn back at the far end. · 一步步走过它。高压在一条毛细血管的起点把血浆推出去;大部分在远端被吸回来。
Tissue fluid forms because: · 组织液形成,因为:
High hydrostatic pressure forces liquid out of the plasma; cells and large proteins are too big to leave. · 高静水压把液体从血浆中挤出去;细胞和大蛋白质太大无法离开。
Most tissue fluid returns to the capillary at the far (venous) end, where the pressure is lower. · 大部分组织液在远(静脉)端返回毛细血管,那里压力较低。
By the venous end the hydrostatic pressure has dropped, so the fluid is drawn back in by osmosis. · 到静脉端静水压已下降,所以液体通过渗透被吸回来。
Put the formation and return of tissue fluid in order. · 把组织液的形成和返回按顺序排列。
Out at the arterial end → exchange → back at the venous end → excess into the lymph. · 在动脉端出去 → 交换 → 在静脉端回来 → 多余的进入淋巴。
You've got it
- red blood cells carry oxygen; white cells (monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes) defend
- water = good solvent + high specific heat capacity (steady temperature)
- tissue fluid = plasma pushed out by high pressure (no cells/large proteins) to bathe cells
- most tissue fluid returns at the low-pressure (venous) end
你掌握了
- 红血球 携带氧气;白血球(单核细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞)保卫
- 水 = 好 溶剂 + 高 比热容(稳定温度)
- 组织液 = 被高压推出的血浆(没有细胞/大蛋白质)以浸泡细胞
- 大部分组织液在低压(静脉)端 返回