Original teaching practice. Read one pattern, cover its model and try the questions before checking the separate answer section. Examples adapted from Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning, CC BY-NC-SA) retain the course-reference provenance.
variant of 并并 / moreover并且 (combining verbs: and)
What the meeting did
- You are writing the minutes of a school meeting.
- meeting会议to discuss讨论variant of 并并to pass through通过(completed / change)了new新(modifier / structural particle)的plan计划。 — "The meeting discussed and approved the new plan."
Verb phrase 1 + variant of 并并 / moreover并且 + Verb phrase 2
- variant of 并并 / moreover并且 join two actions done by the same subject, often in sequence: "and (also)".
- It is written style, common in reports and formal notices.
he他studied学习了the new新method方法，and并used用in在work工作(in)中。
Two steps by one subject
- to ask请to fill in a form填写this这张表，variant of 并并to give交给stage前台。 — "Please fill in this form and hand it to reception."
- company公司investigation调查(completed / change)了this这个question问题，moreover并且to find找到(completed / change)了cause原因。 — "The company investigated the problem and found the cause."
please请fill in填写this这张form表，and并hand to交给reception前台。
Verbs, not nouns
- variant of 并并 / moreover并且 join verb phrases; to join nouns use and / with和: teacher老师and / with和student学生, not teacher老师variant of 并并student学生.
- Keep one subject: the same person or group does both actions.
variant of 并并 + verb versus variant of 并并 + not不
- variant of 并并 + verb phrase = "and": to discuss讨论variant of 并并to pass through通过.
- variant of 并并 + not不 / not / haven't没 = "actually not": he / him他并不知道. Check whether a negative follows.
he他actually并not不know知道。
Recap
- VP1 + variant of 并并 / moreover并且 + VP2 = and (also), same subject, written style.
- Nouns take and / with和; variant of 并并 + not不/not / haven't没 = actually not.
Practise this pattern step by step.
young少 + Verb (do less)
Doctor's orders
- Your doctor looks at your test results and gives you some advice.
- you你should应该young少variant of 吃吃sweet甜(modifier / structural particle)的，many多to move运动。 — "You should eat less sugar and exercise more."
young少 + Verb = do less
- young少 + Verb = do less of it: young少variant of 吃吃, young少to shout喝, 少说.
- young少 goes directly before the verb, like an adverb.
in the evening晚上less少drink喝coffee咖啡。
Advice and quantity
- With an amount: to add less (of a spice etc)少放erhua variant of 一点一点儿salt盐。 — "Put in a little less salt."
- you你少说两句(suggestion)吧！ — "Say less (stop talking)!" — a firm request.
less少put in放a little一点儿salt盐。
Before the verb
- "Eat less" is young少variant of 吃吃, not 吃少: 吃少(completed / change)了 means "ate too little".
- An amount comes after the verb: young少variant of 吃吃erhua variant of 一点一点儿, young少to shout喝两杯.
young少 + Verb versus not不 + Verb
- 少吃肉 = eat less meat (some is fine).
- 不吃meat肉 = don't eat meat at all.
he他doesn't不eat吃meat肉。
Recap
- young少 + Verb (+ amount) = do less: young少variant of 吃吃, to add less (of a spice etc)少放erhua variant of 一点一点儿.
- young少 goes before the verb; 吃少(completed / change)了 = ate too little; not不 + Verb = not at all.
Practise this pattern step by step.
many多 + Verb (do more)
Getting fitter
- Your PE teacher gives the class some advice before the fitness test.
- everyone大家want / will / need要多喝水，many多rest休息。 — "Everyone should drink more water and rest more."
many多 + Verb = do more
- many多 + Verb = do more of it: many多to practice练习, many多吃水果, many多to read看书.
- many多 goes directly before the verb, like an adverb.
you你should应该more多eat吃fruit水果。
With an amount after the verb
- I / me我many多to buy买(completed / change)了两个。 — "I bought two extra."
- many多to wear穿一件clothes衣服，outside (also pr. for this…外面degree / adjective linker很cold冷。 — "Put on an extra layer; it's cold outside."
more多wear穿one一件layer衣服，outside外面very很cold冷。
Before the verb
- "Practise more" is many多to practice练习, not to practice练习many多: to practice练习many多(completed / change)了 suggests "practised a lot".
- The extra amount goes after the verb: 多住several days几天 — "stay a few more days".
many多 + Verb versus 很多
- many多 + Verb = do more (advice): many多to see看.
- 很多 + noun = a lot of: to see看(completed / change)了很多book书 — "read a lot of books".
he他read看了many很多books书。
Recap
- many多 + Verb (+ amount) = do more / extra: many多to practice练习, 多买两个.
- many多 before the verb; 很多 + noun = a lot of.
Practise this pattern step by step.
to follow由 + Person + Verb (done by)
Who's in charge?
- Your teacher divides the work for the class trip.
- 这次to exercise活动由小王to be responsible for负责。 — "Xiao Wang is in charge of this event."
Task + to follow由 + person + Verb
- to follow由 + person + Verb = "by, (is done) by": it names who is responsible for a task.
- The task comes first as the topic: evening meal晚饭to follow由I / me我to make做 — "Dinner will be made by me."
dinner晚饭by由me我(to)来make做。
Responsibility and composition
- meeting会议to follow由(college, university)…校长to take charge of主持。 — "The meeting is chaired by the head teacher."
- to follow由…to form组成 = be made up of: this这个squadron队to follow由十个person人to form组成。 — "The team is made up of ten people."
this这个team队of由ten十个people人is made up组成。
to follow由 is not (passive: by)被
- to follow由 names who is responsible; (passive: by)被 reports something done to the subject, often unwelcome: he / him他(passive: by)被to criticize批评(completed / change)了.
- to follow由 sentences usually need no (completed / change)了 or result complement: to follow由he / him他to be responsible for负责.
to follow由 = from (a starting point)
- to follow由 can also mean "from" in writing: to follow由Beijing, capital of the…北京to set off出发 — "set off from Beijing".
- due to由于 is a different word: "due to, because of".
we我们from由Beijing北京set off出发。
Recap
- Task + to follow由 + person + Verb = done by / in the charge of; to follow由…to form组成 = made up of.
- to follow由 names responsibility; (passive: by)被 is the passive of something done to someone.
Practise this pattern step by step.
moreover并且 (moreover / and also)
Good, and good value too
- In your review of a hotel, you want to add a second, separate strength.
- 这家wine shop酒店degree / adjective linker很clean干净，moreover并且price价格also也not不expensive贵。 — "This hotel is clean, and moreover the price isn't high."
Clause，moreover并且 + clause = moreover
- moreover并且 adds a further point, often building on the first: "and moreover, and also".
- It starts the second clause; also也 / still / also还 often follow in that clause.
he他can会speak说English英语，and moreover并且speaks说得very很well好。
Adding a stronger point
- he / him他on time按时to complete完成(completed / change)了mission任务，moreover并且to make做(degree marker)得very非常good好。 — "He finished the task on time, and did it very well too."
- It is close to moreover而且, a little more written.
he他on time按时finished完成了the task任务，and moreover并且did it做得very很well好。
Same direction
- Both points must point the same way (both good or both bad); for a contrast use but但是.
- moreover并且 does not join two nouns: apple苹果and / with和banana香蕉, not apple苹果moreover并且banana香蕉.
moreover并且 versus moreover而且
- moreover而且 is very common in speech and pairs with not only (... but also ...)不但: not only (... but also ...)不但cheap便宜，moreover而且to be fond of eating好吃.
- moreover并且 suits writing and lists of actions or facts; both mean "moreover".
not only不但cheap便宜，but also而且tasty好吃。
Recap
- Clause，moreover并且 + clause = and moreover, adding a point in the same direction.
- Close to moreover而且 (more spoken); contrasts take but但是; nouns take and / with和.
Practise this pattern step by step.
always从来 + not不 / not / haven't没 (never)
Planning a trip west
- Friends are planning a trip to Xinjiang and ask whether you know the region.
- I / me我always从来not / haven't没去过Xinjiang新疆。 — "I've never been to Xinjiang."
always从来not / haven't没 + Verb + (experienced)过 = never (once)
- For experience, always从来not / haven't没(to have / there is有) + Verb + (experienced)过 = "have never done": always从来not / haven't没to appear见(experienced)过, always从来没听说过.
- For habits or rules, never从来不 + Verb: he / him他never从来不喝咖啡.
I我ever从来not没hear of听说(experience)过this这个place地方。
Never versus not yet
- I / me我still / also还not / haven't没去过。 — "I haven't been yet (but I might)."
- I / me我always从来not / haven't没去过。 — "I've never once been." always从来 stresses the whole of the past.
I我yet还not没go去(experience)过。
Keep (experienced)过 and choose not / haven't没 or not不
- Experience: always从来not / haven't没 + V + (experienced)过; habit: never从来不 + V. Do not mix: never从来不去过 is wrong.
- Use (experienced)过 for the experiential model here. Other predicates can form complete always从来not / haven't没 statements without (experienced)过; there is no universal requirement.
always从来not / haven't没 versus all along一直not / haven't没
- all along一直not / haven't没 = "hasn't … all this time" (up to now, a specific wait): he / him他all along一直not / haven't没variant of 回回I / me我news消息.
- always从来not / haven't没 = "never, in one's whole experience": he / him他always从来not / haven't没to arrive late迟到(experienced)过.
he他all this time一直hasn't没replied to回my我message消息。
Recap
- always从来not / haven't没 + V + (experienced)过 = never (experience); never从来不 + V = never (habit).
- still / also还not / haven't没 = not yet; all along一直not / haven't没 = not during this whole stretch.
Practise this pattern step by step.
to be worth值得 + Verb (worth doing)
Is it worth visiting?
- A friend asks whether the Forbidden City is worth the long queue.
- former imperial palace故宫degree / adjective linker很to be worth值得to go去。 — "The Forbidden City is well worth a visit."
to be worth值得 + Verb = worth doing
- A + to be worth值得 + Verb = A is worth doing: to be worth值得to see看, to be worth值得一去, to be worth值得to learn学习.
- degree / adjective linker很 / very非常 can go before it: degree / adjective linker很to be worth值得.
this这(measure word)本book书is worth值得a read一看。
Worth it or not
- this这个question问题to be worth值得we / us我们to discuss讨论。 — "This question deserves our discussion."
- Negative: for为这点儿trifle小事to get angry生气，not不to be worth值得。 — "It's not worth getting angry over something so small."
over为this这little点儿matter小事get angry生气，not不worth it值得。
The thing comes first
- Put what is worth it first: this这本书to be worth值得to see看, not to be worth值得this这本书to see看.
- The negative is not不to be worth值得, not not / haven't没to be worth值得.
to be worth值得 versus value值
- value值 + amount = be worth (money): 这块wristwatch手表value值一万块 — "This watch is worth 10,000 yuan."
- to be worth值得 + verb = worth doing.
this这块watch手表is worth值10,000一万yuan块。
Recap
- A + to be worth值得 + Verb = A is worth doing; negative not不to be worth值得.
- value值 + amount = worth (in money).
Practise this pattern step by step.
Verb + to / arrive到 + Time / Event (until)
Up all night
- Your roommate had a deadline and you could see her light under the door.
- she / her她yesterday昨天to work工作to / arrive到very early in the morning凌晨三点。 — "She worked until three in the morning yesterday."
Verb + to / arrive到 + time / event
- Verb + to / arrive到 + end point = do something until then: to sleep睡to / arrive到十点, to wait until等到tomorrow明天, to learn (sth)学到evening晚上.
- The end point goes after to / arrive到, right after the verb.
he他at weekends周末often常常sleep睡until到noon中午。
Until an event
- we / us我们to wait until等到雨停(completed / change)了only then / not until才to set off出发。 — "We waited until the rain stopped before setting off."
- he / him他all along一直to work工作to / arrive到to retire (from the…退休。 — "He kept working until he retired."
we我们wait等until到the rain雨stop停了only then才set off出发。
Verb first, then to / arrive到
- Say to sleep睡to / arrive到十点, not to / arrive到十点to sleep睡 (that means "go to bed at ten").
- With an object, repeat the verb or put the object first: to read看书to see看到degree / adjective linker很evening晚 / book书to see看到degree / adjective linker很evening晚.
Verb + to / arrive到 versus until直到…only then / not until才
- Verb + to / arrive到 gives the end point neutrally: Taiwan pr.玩to / arrive到十点.
- until直到…only then / not until才… stresses that something happened only at that late point: until直到十点he / him他only then / not until才to return home回家.
not until直到ten十点he他only then才went home回家。
Recap
- Verb + to / arrive到 + time / event = do it until then: to work工作to / arrive到三点, to wait until等到雨停.
- Verb before to / arrive到; with an object, repeat the verb. until直到…only then / not until才 stresses lateness.
Practise this pattern step by step.
to do harm to害(degree marker)得 (cause sb to suffer)
All because of you
- Your brother hid your alarm clock as a joke, and you missed your train.
- 你害(degree marker)得I / me我to arrive late迟到(completed / change)了！ — "You made me late!" to do harm to害(degree marker)得 blames someone for a bad result.
A + to do harm to害(degree marker)得 + B + bad result
- to do harm to害(degree marker)得 = "cause someone to suffer, make (something bad) happen to": the result is always unwelcome.
- The result comes after the person: to cause or lead to sth bad害得I / me我not / haven't没to keep up with赶上war chariot (archaic)车.
he他caused害得me我not没catch赶上the bus车。
Causes that are things
- 这场heavy rain大雨to do harm to害(degree marker)得we / us我们at / in在airport机场to wait for等(completed / change)了五个hour小时。 — "This rainstorm made us wait five hours at the airport."
- you你all along一直不回news消息，to cause or lead to sth bad害得I / me我degree / adjective linker很anxious担心。 — "You didn't reply all day, and it made me really worried."
this这场rainstorm大雨caused害得us我们wait等了five五个hours小时。
Only bad results
- Do not use to do harm to害(degree marker)得 for good outcomes; for neutral or good causes use to let / make让 / to make使: he / him他if (coming after a…的话to let / make让I / me我degree / adjective linker很happy高兴.
- Keep the person after to do harm to害(degree marker)得: to cause or lead to sth bad害得I / me我to arrive late迟到, not to do harm to害(degree marker)得to arrive late迟到I / me我.
to do harm to害(degree marker)得 versus to let / make让
- to let / make让 is neutral: this这个news消息to let / make让I / me我degree / adjective linker很to feel sad难过 — "This news made me sad."
- to do harm to害(degree marker)得 adds blame: 你害(degree marker)得I / me我degree / adjective linker很to feel sad难过 — "You made me so upset (it's your fault)."
this这个news消息made让me我very很sad难过。
Recap
- A + to do harm to害(degree marker)得 + B + bad result = A caused B to suffer (with blame).
- Bad results only; neutral causes take to let / make让 / to make使.
Practise this pattern step by step.
Separable verbs (clutch (in car gearbox)离合word词)
A verb that splits in two
- You tell a friend you went swimming twice this week and had a haircut too.
- 我理(completed / change)了first一次hair发，to walk游(completed / change)了两次swimming泳。 — "I had my hair cut once and went swimming twice."
Verb-object words (clutch (in car gearbox)离合word词)
- Some words are really verb + object in one word: swimming游泳 (swim), to meet见面 (meet: see + face), to go to bed睡觉 (sleep), to help帮忙 (help: help + task).
- Words like (completed / change)了, (experienced)过, amounts and (modifier / structural particle)的 go between the two parts: 见了面, to sleep睡(completed / change)了一个hour小时to feel觉.
we我们met见(before)过face面。
No second object
- Because they already contain an object, they cannot take another: with / and跟friend朋友to meet见面, not to meet见面friend朋友.
- Use a preposition for the person: to help帮I / me我一个busy忙 / to / for / give给he / him他to help帮忙, not to help帮忙he / him他.
I我tomorrow明天with跟a friend朋友meet见面。
Two classic errors
- Do not add an object after them: with / and跟he / him他to meet见面, not to meet见面he / him他; to / for / give给I / me我to help帮忙, not to help帮忙I / me我.
- Put duration and (completed / change)了 inside: to sleep睡(completed / change)了八个hour小时to feel觉 or to go to bed睡觉to sleep睡(completed / change)了八个hour小时, not to go to bed睡觉(completed / change)了八个hour小时.
Common separable verbs
- to marry结婚 (marry): with / and跟she / her她to marry结婚, knot结(experienced)过两次to marry婚. to get angry生气 (get angry): 生他(modifier / structural particle)的gas气 — "be angry with him".
- to go to class上课, graduation毕业, to bathe洗澡, to sing a song唱歌, to dance跳舞 work the same way: to sing唱(completed / change)了一首歌.
don't别be生him他(at)的angry气。
Recap
- clutch (in car gearbox)离合word词 = verb + object in one word (swimming游泳, to meet见面, to help帮忙, to go to bed睡觉): (completed / change)了 / (experienced)过 / amounts go inside.
- No extra object: use with / and跟 / to / for / give给 + person, or to be born生…(modifier / structural particle)的gas气.
Practise this pattern step by step.
V (ongoing -ing)着 V (ongoing -ing)着 then / just就 … (completed / change)了 (while …-ing, suddenly)
Asleep in front of the TV
- Your dad was watching a film after dinner. When you came back, he was snoring.
- he / him他看着看着then / just就to fall asleep睡着(completed / change)了。 — "He was watching and watching, and then he fell asleep."
V (ongoing -ing)着 V (ongoing -ing)着 then / just就 + new event + (completed / change)了
- V(ongoing -ing)着V(ongoing -ing)着，then / just就…(completed / change)了 = while doing V (for a while), something new happened without planning.
- The first action continues; the second appears suddenly.
she她talk说(ongoing)着talk说(ongoing)着then就cry哭了。
Stories and surprises
- we / us我们to walk走(ongoing -ing)着to walk走(ongoing -ing)着，then / just就to lose the way迷路(completed / change)了。 — "We were walking along, and before we knew it we were lost."
- child孩子Taiwan pr.玩(ongoing -ing)着Taiwan pr.玩(ongoing -ing)着then / just就笑了起来。 — "While playing, the child started laughing."
we我们walk走(ongoing)着walk走(ongoing)着then就get lost迷路了。
One-syllable verb, past events
- Use a one-syllable verb, repeated with (ongoing -ing)着 each time: 看着看着, not to take a look at看看(ongoing -ing)着(ongoing -ing)着.
- It describes what happened in the past (a story), so the second part ends with (completed / change)了.
Versus one side一边…one side一边…
- one side一边…one side一边… = two actions at once, both planned: one side一边variant of 吃吃one side一边to see看.
- V(ongoing -ing)着V(ongoing -ing)着then / just就… = a new event slips in while one action goes on: variant of 吃吃(ongoing -ing)着variant of 吃吃(ongoing -ing)着then / just就to fall asleep睡着(completed / change)了.
he他while一边eating吃(also)一边watches看TV电视。
Recap
- V(ongoing -ing)着V(ongoing -ing)着，then / just就 + new event + (completed / change)了 = while doing V, (unexpectedly) …
- One-syllable verb, past story, (completed / change)了 at the end. one side一边…one side一边… = two planned actions.
Practise this pattern step by step.
Practice without the models
variant of 并并 / moreover并且 (combining verbs: and)
1401.1 Complete (written): “Please read the notice and sign it.” to ask请to read阅读to notify通知，…………to sign (one's name with a…签名。
1401.2 Which sentence is correct?
- A. I / me我variant of 并并to buy买(completed / change)了apple苹果variant of 并并banana香蕉。
- B. I / me我to buy买(completed / change)了apple苹果variant of 并并banana香蕉。
- C. I / me我to buy买(completed / change)了variant of 并并apple苹果and / with和banana香蕉。
- D. I / me我to buy买(completed / change)了apple苹果and / with和banana香蕉。
1401.3 Build: “The meeting discussed and approved the plan.”
Arrange all chunks: variant of 并并to pass through通过(completed / change)了 / to discuss讨论 / meeting会议 / plan计划。
1401.4 In he / him他并不知道, variant of 并并 means “and”.
True or false? Explain or repair the statement.
1401.5 You are writing the minutes of a school meeting. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
Write or say your own response before reading the key.
young少 + Verb (do less)
1402.1 Advise: “Play less on your phone.” …………Taiwan pr.玩cell phone手机。
1402.2 What does I / me我variant of 吃吃young少(completed / change)了 mean?
- A. I should eat less.
- B. I ate less than before on purpose.
- C. I ate too little.
- D. I don't eat.
1402.3 Build: “Put in a little less salt.”
Arrange all chunks: erhua variant of 一点一点儿 / salt盐。 / to put放 / young少
1402.4 少吃肉 means “don't eat meat at all”.
True or false? Explain or repair the statement.
1402.5 Your doctor looks at your test results and gives you some advice. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
Write or say your own response before reading the key.
many多 + Verb (do more)
1403.1 Advise: “Practise speaking more.” …………to practice练习colloquial speech口语。
1403.2 Which says “Stay a few more days”?
- A. to live住several days几天many多。
- B. 很多to live住several days几天。
- C. to live住many多several days几天。
- D. 多住several days几天。
1403.3 Build: “Put on an extra layer.”
Arrange all chunks: 一件 / clothes衣服。 / many多 / to wear穿
1403.4 In to see看(completed / change)了很多book书, 很多 describes the books.
True or false? Explain or repair the statement.
1403.5 Your PE teacher gives the class some advice before the fitness test. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
Write or say your own response before reading the key.
to follow由 + Person + Verb (done by)
1404.1 Complete: “This matter will be handled by me.” 这件matter事…………我来to handle处理。
1404.2 Which says “He was criticised by the teacher”?
- A. he / him他(passive: by)被teacher老师to criticize批评(completed / change)了。
- B. he / him他to follow由teacher老师to criticize批评(completed / change)了。
- C. he / him他to follow由to criticize批评teacher老师。
- D. teacher老师to follow由he / him他to criticize批评。
1404.3 Build: “The team is made up of ten people.”
Arrange all chunks: to form组成。 / to follow由十个person人 / this这个squadron队
1404.4 to follow由Beijing, capital of the…北京to set off出发 means “set off from Beijing”.
True or false? Explain or repair the statement.
1404.5 Your teacher divides the work for the class trip. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
Write or say your own response before reading the key.
moreover并且 (moreover / and also)
1405.1 Complete (written): “The room is big, and moreover it is bright.” room房间很大，…………degree / adjective linker很bright亮。
1405.2 Which sentence is natural?
- A. he / him他degree / adjective linker很intelligent聪明，moreover并且degree / adjective linker很to make an effort努力。
- B. he / him他moreover并且intelligent聪明degree / adjective linker很to make an effort努力。
- C. he / him他degree / adjective linker很intelligent聪明，moreover并且not不intelligent聪明。
- D. he / him他degree / adjective linker很intelligent聪明，moreover并且degree / adjective linker很lazy懒。
1405.3 Build: “He finished on time, and did it very well too.”
Arrange all chunks: ， / moreover并且 / he / him他on time按时to complete完成(completed / change)了mission任务 / to make做(degree marker)得degree / adjective linker很good好。
1405.4 not only (... but also ...)不但 pairs naturally with moreover而且.
True or false? Explain or repair the statement.
1405.5 In your review of a hotel, you want to add a second, separate strength. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
Write or say your own response before reading the key.
always从来 + not不 / not / haven't没 (never)
1406.1 Complete: “I've never heard of this place.” I / me我always从来not / haven't没to hear (sth said)听说…………this这个area地方。
1406.2 You plan to visit Xi'an next month but haven't been yet. Which fits?
- A. I / me我all along一直to go去Xi'an, sub-provincial city…西安。
- B. I / me我still / also还not / haven't没去过Xi'an, sub-provincial city…西安。
- C. I / me我always从来not / haven't没去过Xi'an, sub-provincial city…西安。
- D. I / me我never从来不to go去Xi'an, sub-provincial city…西安。
1406.3 Build: “I've never been to Xinjiang.”
Arrange all chunks: Xinjiang新疆。 / always从来not / haven't没 / I / me我 / 去过
1406.4 he / him他never从来不去过 is correct.
True or false? Explain or repair the statement.
1406.5 Friends are planning a trip to Xinjiang and ask whether you know the region. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
Write or say your own response before reading the key.
to be worth值得 + Verb (worth doing)
1407.1 Complete: “This film is worth seeing.” 这部movie电影…………to see看。
1407.2 Which sentence is correct?
- A. this这个area地方to go去to be worth值得。
- B. to be worth值得this这个area地方to go去。
- C. this这个area地方to be worth值得to go去。
- D. this这个area地方not / haven't没to be worth值得to go去。
1407.3 Build: “It's not worth getting angry.”
Arrange all chunks: to get angry生气 / not不 / to be worth值得。 / ，
1407.4 这块wristwatch手表value值一万块 uses value值 for a money value.
True or false? Explain or repair the statement.
1407.5 A friend asks whether the Forbidden City is worth the long queue. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
Write or say your own response before reading the key.
Verb + to / arrive到 + Time / Event (until)
1408.1 Complete: “I slept until ten.” I / me我to sleep睡…………十点。
1408.2 Which says “He read until midnight”?
- A. he / him他to see看到book书midnight半夜。
- B. he / him他midnight半夜to / arrive到to read看书。
- C. he / him他to read看书to see看到midnight半夜。
- D. he / him他to / arrive到midnight半夜to read看书。
1408.3 Build: “He kept working until he retired.”
Arrange all chunks: to retire (from the…退休。 / all along一直 / to work工作to / arrive到 / he / him他
1408.4 to / arrive到十点to sleep睡 means “sleep until ten”.
True or false? Explain or repair the statement.
1408.5 Your roommate had a deadline and you could see her light under the door. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
Write or say your own response before reading the key.
to do harm to害(degree marker)得 (cause sb to suffer)
1409.1 Blame: “You made me miss the film!” you你…………I / me我not / haven't没to see看(bound form) up上movie电影！
1409.2 Which sentence is natural?
- A. traffic jam堵车to do harm to害(degree marker)得we / us我们to arrive late迟到(completed / change)了。
- B. teacher老师(modifier / structural particle)的to praise表扬to cause or lead to sth bad害得I / me我degree / adjective linker很happy高兴。
- C. 他害(degree marker)得I / me我to check考(completed / change)了第一名。
- D. good好weather天气to do harm to害(degree marker)得we / us我们to go去to climb a mountain爬山。
1409.3 Build: “You didn't reply, and it made me worried.”
Arrange all chunks: degree / adjective linker很anxious担心。 / ， / you你not不variant of 回回news消息 / to cause or lead to sth bad害得I / me我
1409.4 to do harm to害(degree marker)得 adds blame that to let / make让 does not.
True or false? Explain or repair the statement.
1409.5 Your brother hid your alarm clock as a joke, and you missed your train. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
Write or say your own response before reading the key.
Separable verbs (clutch (in car gearbox)离合word词)
1410.1 Complete: “We have met before.” we / us我们to appear见…………flour面。
1410.2 Which sentence is correct?
- A. I / me我want / think / miss想to meet见面you你。
- B. I / me我want / think / miss想with / and跟you你to meet见面。
- C. I / me我to infer想见你面。
- D. I / me我want / think / miss想to meet face to face面见you你(completed / change)了。
1410.3 Build: “Could you do me a favour?”
Arrange all chunks: you你can / be able to能 / 一个 / to help帮I / me我 / busy忙(yes/no ?)吗？
1410.4 he / him他knot结(experienced)过两次to marry婚 puts the amount inside to marry结婚.
True or false? Explain or repair the statement.
1410.5 You tell a friend you went swimming twice this week and had a haircut too. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
Write or say your own response before reading the key.
V (ongoing -ing)着 V (ongoing -ing)着 then / just就 … (completed / change)了 (while …-ing, suddenly)
1411.1 Complete: “While reading, she fell asleep.” she / her她看着看着…………to fall asleep睡着(completed / change)了。
1411.2 Which form is correct?
- A. he / him他to walk走(ongoing -ing)着to walk走(ongoing -ing)着then / just就to / arrive到(completed / change)了。
- B. he / him他(ongoing -ing)着to walk走(ongoing -ing)着to walk走then / just就to / arrive到(completed / change)了。
- C. he / him他走走(ongoing -ing)着(ongoing -ing)着then / just就to / arrive到(completed / change)了。
- D. he / him他to walk走(ongoing -ing)着then / just就to walk走(ongoing -ing)着to / arrive到(completed / change)了。
1411.3 Build: “We were walking, and before we knew it we were lost.”
Arrange all chunks: we / us我们 / then / just就 / to lose the way迷路(completed / change)了。 / to walk走(ongoing -ing)着to walk走(ongoing -ing)着
1411.4 V(ongoing -ing)着V(ongoing -ing)着then / just就… describes two planned actions done together.
True or false? Explain or repair the statement.
1411.5 Your dad was watching a film after dinner. When you came back, he was snoring. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
Write or say your own response before reading the key.
Answers and explanations
variant of 并并 / moreover并且 (combining verbs: and)
1401.1 variant of 并并
variant of 并并 joins two actions by the same subject.
1401.2 D. I / me我to buy买(completed / change)了apple苹果and / with和banana香蕉。
I / me我to buy买(completed / change)了apple苹果and / with和banana香蕉 is right: and / with和 joins nouns. variant of 并并 joins verbs or clauses ("and also"), so it cannot join apple苹果 and banana香蕉.
1401.3 meeting会议to discuss讨论variant of 并并to pass through通过(completed / change)了plan计划。
VP1 + variant of 并并 + VP2.
1401.4 False.
False. Before a negative, variant of 并并 strengthens it and corrects an assumption: he / him他并不知道 “He actually doesn't know (as you might think).” It does not mean “and” here.
1401.5 One possible response: meeting会议to discuss讨论variant of 并并to pass through通过(completed / change)了new新(modifier / structural particle)的plan计划。
Check meaning and form:
- My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
- I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
- variant of 并并 / moreover并且 join verb phrases; to join nouns use and / with和: teacher老师and / with和student学生, not teacher老师variant of 并并student学生.
- Keep one subject: the same person or group does both actions.
- I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.
young少 + Verb (do less)
1402.1 young少
young少 + verb = do less.
1402.2 C. I ate too little.
Verb + young少(completed / change)了 = did too little; advice is young少 + verb.
1402.3 to add less (of a spice etc)少放erhua variant of 一点一点儿salt盐。
young少 + verb + amount + object.
1402.4 False.
young少variant of 吃吃 = eat less; 不吃 = not at all.
1402.5 One possible response: you你should应该young少variant of 吃吃sweet甜(modifier / structural particle)的，many多to move运动。
Check meaning and form:
- My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
- I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
- "Eat less" is young少variant of 吃吃, not 吃少: 吃少(completed / change)了 means "ate too little".
- An amount comes after the verb: young少variant of 吃吃erhua variant of 一点一点儿, young少to shout喝两杯.
- I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.
many多 + Verb (do more)
1403.1 many多
many多 + verb = do more.
1403.2 D. 多住several days几天。
many多 goes before the verb, then the amount: 多住several days几天 “stay a few more days”. Putting many多 after the verb (to live住many多several days几天) is a common error from English word order.
1403.3 many多to wear穿一件clothes衣服。
many多 + verb + amount + noun.
1403.4 True.
很多 + noun = many / a lot of.
1403.5 One possible response: everyone大家want / will / need要多喝水，many多rest休息。
Check meaning and form:
- My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
- I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
- "Practise more" is many多to practice练习, not to practice练习many多: to practice练习many多(completed / change)了 suggests "practised a lot".
- The extra amount goes after the verb: 多住several days几天 – "stay a few more days".
- I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.
to follow由 + Person + Verb (done by)
1404.1 to follow由
Task + to follow由 + person + verb.
1404.2 A. he / him他(passive: by)被teacher老师to criticize批评(completed / change)了。
Something done to someone (often unwelcome) takes (passive: by)被.
1404.3 this这个squadron队to follow由十个person人to form组成。
to follow由…to form组成 = be made up of.
1404.4 True.
In writing, to follow由 can mean “from”.
1404.5 One possible response: 这次to exercise活动由小王to be responsible for负责。
Check meaning and form:
- My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
- I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
- to follow由 names who is responsible; (passive: by)被 reports something done to the subject, often unwelcome: he / him他(passive: by)被to criticize批评(completed / change)了.
- to follow由 sentences usually need no (completed / change)了 or result complement: to follow由he / him他to be responsible for负责.
- I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.
moreover并且 (moreover / and also)
1405.1 moreover并且
moreover并且 adds a point in the same direction.
1405.2 A. he / him他degree / adjective linker很intelligent聪明，moreover并且degree / adjective linker很to make an effort努力。
Both points should point the same way.
1405.3 he / him他on time按时to complete完成(completed / change)了mission任务，moreover并且to make做(degree marker)得degree / adjective linker很good好。
Clause, moreover并且 + further point.
1405.4 True.
not only (... but also ...)不但…moreover而且… is the standard pair.
1405.5 One possible response: 这家wine shop酒店degree / adjective linker很clean干净，moreover并且price价格also也not不expensive贵。
Check meaning and form:
- My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
- I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
- Both points must point the same way (both good or both bad); for a contrast use but但是.
- moreover并且 does not join two nouns: apple苹果and / with和banana香蕉, not apple苹果moreover并且banana香蕉.
- I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.
always从来 + not不 / not / haven't没 (never)
1406.1 (experienced)过
always从来not / haven't没 + verb + (experienced)过.
1406.2 B. I / me我still / also还not / haven't没去过Xi'an, sub-provincial city…西安。
Not yet (but planned) = still / also还not / haven't没.
1406.3 I / me我always从来not / haven't没去过Xinjiang新疆。
always从来not / haven't没 + verb + (experienced)过 + place.
1406.4 False.
Experience takes always从来not / haven't没…(experienced)过; habit takes never从来不.
1406.5 One possible response: I / me我always从来not / haven't没去过Xinjiang新疆。
Check meaning and form:
- My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
- I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
- Experience: always从来not / haven't没 + V + (experienced)过; habit: never从来不 + V. Do not mix: never从来不去过 is wrong.
- Use (experienced)过 for the experiential model here. Other predicates can form complete always从来not / haven't没 statements without (experienced)过; there is no universal requirement.
- I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.
to be worth值得 + Verb (worth doing)
1407.1 to be worth值得
A + to be worth值得 + verb.
1407.2 C. this这个area地方to be worth值得to go去。
this这个area地方to be worth值得to go去 is right: the thing comes first, then to be worth值得 + verb. The negative is not不to be worth值得, not not / haven't没to be worth值得, and the verb cannot come before to be worth值得.
1407.3 to get angry生气，not不to be worth值得。
Action, then not不to be worth值得.
1407.4 True.
value值 + amount = worth in money.
1407.5 One possible response: former imperial palace故宫degree / adjective linker很to be worth值得to go去。
Check meaning and form:
- My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
- I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
- Put what is worth it first: this这本书to be worth值得to see看, not to be worth值得this这本书to see看.
- The negative is not不to be worth值得, not not / haven't没to be worth值得.
- I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.
Verb + to / arrive到 + Time / Event (until)
1408.1 to / arrive到
Verb + to / arrive到 + end point.
1408.2 C. he / him他to read看书to see看到midnight半夜。
With an object, repeat the verb: to read看书to see看到midnight半夜.
1408.3 he / him他all along一直to work工作to / arrive到to retire (from the…退休。
all along一直 + verb + to / arrive到 + event.
1408.4 False.
That means “go to bed at ten”; “sleep until ten” is to sleep睡to / arrive到十点.
1408.5 One possible response: she / her她yesterday昨天to work工作to / arrive到very early in the morning凌晨三点。
Check meaning and form:
- My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
- I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
- Say to sleep睡to / arrive到十点, not to / arrive到十点to sleep睡 (that means "go to bed at ten").
- With an object, repeat the verb or put the object first: to read看书to see看到degree / adjective linker很evening晚 / book书to see看到degree / adjective linker很evening晚.
- I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.
to do harm to害(degree marker)得 (cause sb to suffer)
1409.1 to do harm to害(degree marker)得
to do harm to害(degree marker)得 + person + bad result.
1409.2 A. traffic jam堵车to do harm to害(degree marker)得we / us我们to arrive late迟到(completed / change)了。
to do harm to害(degree marker)得 is for unwelcome results.
1409.3 you你not不variant of 回回news消息，to cause or lead to sth bad害得I / me我degree / adjective linker很anxious担心。
Cause, to do harm to害(degree marker)得 + person + result.
1409.4 True.
to let / make让 is neutral; to do harm to害(degree marker)得 blames the cause.
1409.5 One possible response: 你害(degree marker)得I / me我to arrive late迟到(completed / change)了！
Check meaning and form:
- My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
- I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
- Do not use to do harm to害(degree marker)得 for good outcomes; for neutral or good causes use to let / make让 / to make使: he / him他if (coming after a…的话to let / make让I / me我degree / adjective linker很happy高兴.
- Keep the person after to do harm to害(degree marker)得: to cause or lead to sth bad害得I / me我to arrive late迟到, not to do harm to害(degree marker)得to arrive late迟到I / me我.
- I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.
Separable verbs (clutch (in car gearbox)离合word词)
1410.1 (experienced)过
(experienced)过 goes inside the verb-object word: 见过面.
1410.2 B. I / me我want / think / miss想with / and跟you你to meet见面。
to meet见面 cannot take another object; use with / and跟 + person.
1410.3 you你can / be able to能to help帮I / me我一个busy忙(yes/no ?)吗？
to help帮 + person + 一个 + busy忙.
1410.4 True.
Separable verbs take (experienced)过 and amounts in the middle.
1410.5 One possible response: 我理(completed / change)了first一次hair发，to walk游(completed / change)了两次swimming泳。
Check meaning and form:
- My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
- I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
- Do not add an object after them: with / and跟he / him他to meet见面, not to meet见面he / him他; to / for / give给I / me我to help帮忙, not to help帮忙I / me我.
- Put duration and (completed / change)了 inside: to sleep睡(completed / change)了八个hour小时to feel觉 or to go to bed睡觉to sleep睡(completed / change)了八个hour小时, not to go to bed睡觉(completed / change)了八个hour小时.
- I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.
V (ongoing -ing)着 V (ongoing -ing)着 then / just就 … (completed / change)了 (while …-ing, suddenly)
1411.1 then / just就
V(ongoing -ing)着V(ongoing -ing)着then / just就 + new event + (completed / change)了.
1411.2 A. he / him他to walk走(ongoing -ing)着to walk走(ongoing -ing)着then / just就to / arrive到(completed / change)了。
Verb + (ongoing -ing)着 + verb + (ongoing -ing)着 + then / just就 shows that while doing one thing, something else happened: he / him他to walk走(ongoing -ing)着to walk走(ongoing -ing)着then / just就to / arrive到(completed / change)了 “He kept walking and before he knew it he had arrived.”
1411.3 we / us我们to walk走(ongoing -ing)着to walk走(ongoing -ing)着then / just就to lose the way迷路(completed / change)了。
Subject + V(ongoing -ing)着V(ongoing -ing)着 + then / just就 + result + (completed / change)了.
1411.4 False.
That is one side一边…one side一边…; V(ongoing -ing)着V(ongoing -ing)着then / just就 has an unplanned new event.
1411.5 One possible response: he / him他看着看着then / just就to fall asleep睡着(completed / change)了。
Check meaning and form:
- My response conveys a message that fits the opening situation.
- I can explain the meaning of the pattern, rather than only naming it.
- Use a one-syllable verb, repeated with (ongoing -ing)着 each time: 看着看着, not to take a look at看看(ongoing -ing)着(ongoing -ing)着.
- It describes what happened in the past (a story), so the second part ends with (completed / change)了.
- I tried a second response with a name, time, place, or description changed.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.