Differences in economic development · 经济发展水平的差异
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| development/dɪˈveləpmənt/ | 发展 | fā zhǎn |
| developed/dɪˈveləpt/ | 发达的 | fā dá de |
| income per head/ˈɪŋkʌm pɜː hed/ | 人均收入 | rén jūn shōu rù |
| developing/dɪˈveləpɪŋ/ | 发展中的 | fā zhǎn zhōng de |
| infrastructure/ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə/ | 基础设施 | jī chǔ shè shī |
| productivity/ˌprɒdəkˈtɪvɪti/ | 生产率 | shēng chǎn lǜ |
| foreign investment/ˈfɒrən ɪnˈvestmənt/ | 外国投资 | wài guó tóu zī |
| aid/eɪd/ | 援助 | yuán zhù |
Why some countries are richer
- A child born in one country may expect a long, prosperous life; one born elsewhere faces poverty and short life expectancy.
- Economics asks why development 发展 differs so much.
为什么有些国家更富裕
- 一个在一个国家出生的孩子可能期待一个长寿、繁荣的生活;一个在别处出生的面对贫困和短的预期寿命。
- 经济学问为什么发展差异这么大。
Development chain lab · 发展链条实验室
Follow how policy and resources can change living standards. · 了解政策和资源如何改变生活水平。
Compared with developing countries, developed countries typically have: · 与发展中国家相比，发达国家通常具有：
Developed economies have higher income, health and education. · 发达经济体拥有更高的收入、健康和教育水平。
Developing countries tend to have faster population growth than developed ones. · 发展中国家的人口增长速度通常快于发达国家。
Higher birth rates are typical of developing economies. · 高出生率通常是发展中经济体的典型特征。
Measuring development
- Developed 发达的 countries: high income per head 人均收入, good health and education, advanced industry.
- Developing 发展中的 countries: lower income per head, faster population growth, more farming.
A developed economy: high incomes support a modern city of offices, finance and services
衡量发展
- 发达(developed)国家:高人均收入、良好的健康和教育、先进的工业。
- 发展中(developing)国家:更低的人均收入、更快的人口增长、更多的农业。
一个发达经济:高收入支持一个由办公室、金融和服务组成的现代城市
Which help explain why a country is more developed? (Select all that apply.) · 哪些因素有助于解释为何某国更为发达？（多选）
Capital, human capital and stability drive development. · 资本、人力资本和政治稳定推动发展。
A skilled and healthy workforce is more , raising development. · 一支熟练且健康的劳动力更具，从而促进发展。
Productivity is the key link between human capital and development. · 生产率是连接人力资本与发展水平的关键纽带。
Why countries differ
- Resources and capital: natural resources, machines, infrastructure 基础设施.
- Education and health: a skilled, healthy workforce is more productive.
- Stability and trade: peace, good government and access to world markets all help.
The Human Development Index combines three things — income (GNI per head), education (years of schooling) and health (life expectancy) — into one number
为什么国家不同
- 资源和资本:自然资源、机器、基础设施。
- 教育和健康:一支熟练、健康的劳动力更有生产力。
- 稳定和贸易:和平、良好的政府和进入世界市场都有帮助。
人类发展指数把三样东西——收入(人均 GNI)、教育(受教育的年数)和健康(预期寿命)——结合成一个数字
Which is most likely to raise a country's development over time? · 下列哪项最有可能随时间推移提升一个国家的发展水平？
Investment in capital and human capital raises productivity. · 对资本和人力资本的投资能提高生产率。
How development can improve
- Investment in capital, education and health raises productivity 生产率.
- Trade, foreign investment 外国投资 and aid 援助 can speed growth — if used well.
Worked example. Several Asian economies grew rapidly by investing heavily in education and manufacturing for export — turning a low-income farming economy into a high-income industrial one within a generation.
Developed vs developing countries
发展如何能改善
- 对资本、教育和健康的投资提高生产率。
- 贸易、外国投资和援助能加速增长——如果用得好。
例题。 几个亚洲经济体通过大力投资教育和出口制造业快速增长——在一代人内把一个低收入的农业经济变成一个高收入的工业经济。
You've got it
- developed = high income/health/education; developing = lower income, more farming
- differences come from capital, education, health, stability and trade
- development improves through investment, trade and well-used aid
你掌握了
- 发达 = 高收入/健康/教育;发展中 = 更低的收入、更多的农业
- 差异来自资本、教育、健康、稳定和贸易
- 发展通过投资、贸易和用得好的援助改善