Separation and purification · 分离与提纯
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| separation techniques/ˌsepəˈreɪʃn tekˈniːks/ | 分离技术 | fēn lí jì shù |
| filtration/fɪlˈtreɪʃn/ | 过滤 | guò lǜ |
| crystallisation/ˌkrɪstəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | 结晶 | jié jīng |
| simple distillation/ˈsɪmpl dɪstɪˈleɪʃn/ | 蒸馏 | zhēng liú |
| fractional distillation/ˈfrækʃənl dɪstɪˈleɪʃn/ | 分馏 | fēn liú |
Getting pure substances
- Mixtures are everywhere, but chemists often need a pure substance.
- Several separation techniques 分离技术 do the job, each suited to a different mixture.
获得纯净的物质
- 混合物无处不在,但化学家常常需要一种纯净的物质。
- 几种分离技术(separation techniques)完成这个任务,每种适合一种不同的混合物。
Separation method lab · 分离方法实验室
Choose the method that matches the mixture. · 选择与混合物相匹配的方法。
Filtration is used to separate: · 过滤用于分离：
Filtration removes insoluble solids. · 过滤可去除不溶性固体。
To recover a dissolved solid from its solution, you use: · 要从溶液中回收溶解的固体，你应使用：
Evaporate the solvent and crystallise the solid. · 蒸发溶剂并使固体结晶。
Filtration 过滤 and crystallisation 结晶
- Filtration separates an insoluble solid from a liquid.
- Crystallisation gets a dissolved solid back by evaporating the solvent.
Filtration separates an insoluble solid (residue) from a liquid (filtrate)
过滤与结晶
- 过滤(filtration)把一种不溶的固体从一种液体中分离。
- 结晶(crystallisation)通过蒸发溶剂把一种溶解的固体取回。
过滤把一种不溶的固体(残留物)从一种液体(滤液)中分离
Pure water can be separated from salt water by: · 纯水可通过______从盐水中分离出来：
Distillation boils off and condenses the water. · 蒸馏使水蒸发并冷凝。
Fractional distillation separates liquids with different boiling points. · 分馏用于分离沸点不同的液体。
It is used for crude oil and alcohol-water mixtures. · 它用于原油和酒精-水混合物。
Distillation
- Simple distillation 蒸馏 separates a solvent from a solution (e.g. pure water from salt water).
- Fractional distillation 分馏 separates liquids with different boiling points (e.g. crude oil, alcohol from water).
Fractional distillation adds a fractionating column, so liquids with different boiling points separate cleanly
蒸馏
- 简单蒸馏(simple distillation)把一种溶剂从一个溶液中分离(例如从盐水中得纯水)。
- 分馏(fractional distillation)分离有不同沸点的液体(例如原油、从水中分离酒精)。
分馏加上一个分馏柱,所以有不同沸点的液体干净地分离
An insoluble solid is separated from a liquid by ______. · 不溶性固体通过______与液体分离。
Filtration traps the solid. · 过滤可截留固体。
Choosing the method
- Pick the technique by what you want to separate.
- Insoluble solid → filter; dissolved solid → crystallise; liquids → distil.
Worked example. To get pure water from salt water, use simple distillation: the water boils off, is condensed and collected, leaving the salt behind. The right method depends on the mixture.
选择方法
- 按你想分离什么选择技术。
- 不溶的固体 → 过滤;溶解的固体 → 结晶;液体 → 蒸馏。
例题。 要从盐水中得到纯水,使用简单蒸馏:水沸腾蒸发,被冷凝并收集,把盐留在后面。正确的方法取决于混合物。
You've got it
- filtration removes an insoluble solid; crystallisation recovers a dissolved solid
- simple distillation separates a solvent; fractional distillation separates liquids by boiling point
- choose the method to match the mixture
你掌握了
- 过滤移除一种不溶的固体;结晶回收一种溶解的固体
- 简单蒸馏分离一种溶剂;分馏按沸点分离液体
- 选择方法以匹配混合物