Polymers · 聚合物
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| polymers/ˈpɒlɪməz/ | 聚合物 | jù hé wù |
| monomer/ˈmɒnəʊmə/ | 单体 | dān tǐ |
| addition polymerisation/əˈdɪʃn ˌpɒlɪməraɪˈzeɪʃn/ | 加聚 | jiā jù |
| non-biodegradable/nɒn ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/ | 不可生物降解的 | bù kě shēng wù jiàng jiě de |
Tiny units, giant chains
- Plastics are everywhere — and they're all built the same way, by joining small molecules into long chains.
- These long-chain molecules are polymers 聚合物.
微小的单元,巨大的链
- 塑料无处不在——而它们全都以同样的方式建造,通过把小分子连接成长链。
- 这些长链分子是聚合物(polymers)。
A monomer is: · 一个单体是:
Monomers join to form polymers. · 单体连接形成聚合物。
A polymer is: · 一个聚合物是:
Polymers are long chains of repeating units. · 聚合物是重复单元的长链。
Monomers 单体 and polymers
- A monomer is a small molecule that can join to others.
- A polymer is a very long molecule made of many monomers joined together.
Many small monomers join to make one long polymer chain.
单体与聚合物
- 一个单体(monomer)是一个能连接到其他分子的小分子。
- 一个聚合物是一个由许多单体连接在一起制成的非常长的分子。
许多小单体连接制成一条长聚合物链。
Making a polymer · 制造一个聚合物
Small monomers join into a long chain — the basis of all plastics. · 小单体连接成一条长链——所有塑料的基础。
In addition polymerisation, the monomers are: · 在加聚中,单体是:
Alkene double bonds open and join. · 烯烃双键打开并连接。
Many ethene molecules join to form the polymer poly(). · 许多乙烯分子连接形成聚合物聚()。
Poly(ethene) is polythene. · 聚乙烯是 polythene。
Addition polymerisation 加聚
- In addition polymerisation, many alkene monomers add together.
- Their double bonds open up and join, with no other product formed.
- Example: many ethene molecules → poly(ethene) (polythene).
In addition polymerisation the C=C bonds open up and many ethene monomers join into one long poly(ethene) chain
加聚
- 在加聚(addition polymerisation)中,许多烯烃单体加在一起。
- 它们的双键打开并连接,没有其他产物形成。
- 例子:许多乙烯分子 → 聚乙烯(poly(ethene),polythene)。
在加聚中,C=C 键打开,许多乙烯单体连接成一条长聚乙烯链
Most addition polymers are non-biodegradable. · 大多数加成聚合物是不可生物降解的。
They do not rot, so they build up as waste. · 它们不腐烂,所以作为废物堆积。
The plastic problem
- Most addition polymers are non-biodegradable 不可生物降解的 — they don't rot away.
- They build up as waste, so recycling and careful disposal matter.
Worked example. Ethene (CH₂=CH₂) has a double bond. Under pressure, thousands of ethene molecules open their double bonds and join into one long chain — poly(ethene), the plastic in bags and bottles.
塑料问题
- 大多数加成聚合物是不可生物降解的(non-biodegradable)——它们不腐烂。
- 它们作为废物堆积,所以回收和小心处置很重要。
例题。 乙烯(CH₂=CH₂)有一个双键。在压力下,数千个乙烯分子打开它们的双键并连接成一条长链——聚乙烯,袋子和瓶子中的塑料。
You've got it
- a polymer is a long chain made of many small monomers
- addition polymerisation: alkene monomers' double bonds open and join (no other product)
- e.g. ethene → poly(ethene); most are non-biodegradable, so recycling matters
你掌握了
- 一个聚合物是一条由许多小单体制成的长链
- 加聚:烯烃单体的双键打开并连接(没有其他产物)
- 例如乙烯 → 聚乙烯;大多数是不可生物降解的,所以回收很重要