The mole and the Avogadro constant · 摩尔和阿伏伽德罗常数
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| mole/məʊl/ | 摩尔 | mó ěr |
| Avogadro constant/ˌævəˈɡædrəʊ ˈkɒnstənt/ | 阿伏伽德罗常数 | ā fú gā dé luó cháng shù |
Counting atoms by weighing
- You can't count atoms one by one — there are trillions in a speck of dust.
- So chemists count them in huge batches called moles 摩尔.
通过称量来数原子
- 你不能一个一个地数原子——一粒灰尘中有数万亿个。
- 所以化学家以叫做摩尔(moles)的巨大批次数它们。
Mole particle lab · 摩尔粒子实验
particles = n x Avogadro constant · 粒子数 = n × 阿伏伽德罗常数
Change moles and see particle number scale with Avogadro constant. · 改变摩尔数并观察粒子数量随阿伏伽德罗常数的变化。
The number of particles in one mole is called the ______ constant. · 一摩尔中的粒子数量称为______常数。
It is about 6.02 × 10²³. · 约为 6.02 × 10²³。
The mole
- A mole is a fixed, enormous number of particles: the Avogadro constant 阿伏伽德罗常数 (6.02 × 10²³).
- One mole of any substance contains that many particles.
Convert between moles and mass, gas volume, concentration or number of particles
摩尔
- 一摩尔是一个固定的、巨大的粒子数:阿伏伽德罗常数(Avogadro constant,6.02 × 10²³)。
- 任何物质的一摩尔含有那么多粒子。
在摩尔和质量、气体体积、浓度或粒子数量之间转换
How many moles are in 36 g of water (Mr = 18)? · 36 g 水 (Mr = 18) 中有多少摩尔？
moles = 36 ÷ 18 = 2. · 摩尔数 = 36 ÷ 18 = 2。
How many moles are in 88 g of CO₂ (Mr = 44)? · 88 g CO₂ (Mr = 44) 中有多少摩尔？
moles = 88 ÷ 44 = 2. · 摩尔数 = 88 ÷ 44 = 2。
The number of moles is calculated as: · 摩尔数的计算公式为：
moles = mass ÷ Mr. · 摩尔数 = 质量 ÷ Mr。
Moles, mass and Mr
- The mass of one mole (in grams) equals the substance's Mr.
- moles = mass ÷ Mr — the key equation for counting by weighing.
Worked example. How many moles are in 36 g of water (Mr = 18)? moles = 36 ÷ 18 = 2 moles. So 36 g of water contains 2 × 6.02 × 10²³ molecules.
摩尔、质量与 Mr
- 一摩尔的质量(以克)等于物质的 Mr。
- 摩尔 = 质量 ÷ Mr——通过称量来数的关键方程式。
例题。 36 g 的水(Mr = 18)中有多少摩尔?摩尔 = 36 ÷ 18 = 2 摩尔。所以 36 g 的水含有 2 × 6.02 × 10²³ 个分子。
What is the mass of 3 moles of water (Mr = 18)? · 3 摩尔水 (Mr = 18) 的质量是多少？
mass = moles × Mr = 3 × 18 = 54 g. · 质量 = 摩尔数 × Mr = 3 × 18 = 54 g。
Going both ways
- To find mass from moles: mass = moles × Mr.
- This lets you convert between grams (what you weigh) and moles (what you count).
Mass and moles are not the same. 1 mole of carbon (12 g) and 1 mole of magnesium (24 g) have the same number of atoms but different masses. Always divide by the correct Mr.
两个方向都行
- 要从摩尔找质量:质量 = 摩尔 × Mr。
- 这让你在克(你称量的)和摩尔(你数的)之间转换。
质量和摩尔不一样。 1 摩尔碳(12 g)和 1 摩尔镁(24 g)有相同的原子数量但不同的质量。总是除以正确的 Mr。
You've got it
- a mole = 6.02 × 10²³ particles (the Avogadro constant)
- moles = mass ÷ Mr; the mass of one mole in grams equals the Mr
- rearrange: mass = moles × Mr to convert back
你掌握了
- 一摩尔 = 6.02 × 10²³ 个粒子(阿伏伽德罗常数)
- 摩尔 = 质量 ÷ Mr;一摩尔以克的质量等于 Mr
- 重排:质量 = 摩尔 × Mr 以转换回来