Ionic compounds · 离子化合物
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| giant lattice/ˈdʒaɪənt ˈlætɪs/ | 巨型晶格 | jù xíng jīng gé |
| molten/ˈməʊltn/ | 熔融 | róng róng |
| dissolved/dɪˈsɒlvd/ | 溶解的 | róng jiě de |
Giant grids of ions
- A single grain of salt contains trillions of ions, locked in a perfect repeating pattern.
- Ionic compounds form giant lattices 巨型晶格 — and this structure explains all their properties.
离子的巨大网格
- 一粒盐含有数万亿个离子,锁在一个完美的重复图案中。
- 离子化合物形成巨型晶格(giant lattices)——而这个结构解释它们所有的性质。
Ionic compounds form a: · 离子化合物形成一个:
A giant 3D lattice of ions forms. · 一个离子的巨型 3D 晶格形成。
The regular 3D arrangement of ions in an ionic compound is called a . · 一个离子化合物中离子的规则 3D 排列被称为一个。
A giant ionic lattice. · 一个巨型离子晶格。
The giant ionic lattice
- Ionic compounds are giant lattices of oppositely charged ions.
- Strong forces attract the ions in all directions, in a regular 3D pattern.
Ions pack into a giant lattice: a regular pattern of alternating positive and negative ions
巨型离子晶格
- 离子化合物是带相反电荷的离子的巨型晶格。
- 强力以一个规则的 3D 图案向所有方向吸引离子。
离子排列成一个巨型晶格:一个交替的正负离子的规则图案
Ionic bonding (electron transfer) · 离子键合(电子转移)
Step through it: the metal hands its outer electron(s) to the non-metal, both reach full shells, and the resulting + and − ions attract. · 逐步看:金属把外层电子交给非金属,两者都达到满壳层,生成的正离子和负离子相互吸引。
Ionic compounds have high melting points because: · 离子化合物有高熔点,因为:
Strong ionic attractions need lots of energy to break. · 强的离子吸引需要很多能量来打破。
High melting points
- The strong attractions between ions take a lot of energy to break.
- So ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points and are solid at room temperature.
高熔点
- 离子之间的强吸引需要很多能量来打破。
- 所以离子化合物有高熔点和沸点且在室温下是固体。
An ionic compound conducts electricity when: · 一个离子化合物在以下时导电:
Conduction needs free-moving ions. · 导电需要自由移动的离子。
A solid ionic compound conducts electricity well. · 一个固体离子化合物导电良好。
Its ions are locked in place, so it does not conduct. · 它的离子被锁在原处,所以它不导电。
Conducting electricity
- Ionic compounds conduct only when molten 熔融 or dissolved 溶解的 — when the ions are free to move.
- As a solid, the ions are locked in place, so it does not conduct.
Solid ionic compounds don't conduct. The ions are fixed in the lattice. Only when melted or dissolved can the charged ions move and carry a current.
导电
- 离子化合物只在熔融或溶解时导电——当离子能自由移动时。
- 作为一个固体,离子被锁在原处,所以它不导电。
固体离子化合物不导电。 离子固定在晶格中。只有在熔融或溶解时带电的离子才能移动并携带电流。
You've got it
- ionic compounds are giant lattices of oppositely charged ions
- strong attractions → high melting/boiling points
- they conduct only when molten or dissolved (free ions), not when solid
你掌握了
- 离子化合物是带相反电荷的离子的巨型晶格
- 强吸引 → 高熔点/沸点
- 它们只在熔融或溶解时导电(自由离子),不在固体时