Cash-flow forecasting and working capital · 现金流预测与营运资本
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| cash flow/kæʃ fləʊ/ | 现金流 | xiàn jīn liú |
| inflows/ˈɪnfləʊz/ | 流入 | liú rù |
| outflows/aʊtˈfləʊz/ | 流出 | liú chū |
| net cash flow/net kæʃ fləʊ/ | 净现金流 | jìng xiàn jīn liú |
| cash-flow forecast/kæʃ fləʊ ˈfɔːkæst/ | 现金流预测 | xiàn jīn liú yù cè |
| working capital/ˈwɜːkɪŋ ˈkæpɪtl/ | 营运资金 | yíng yùn zī jīn |
| current assets/ˈkʌrənt ˈæsets/ | 流动资产 | liú dòng zī chǎn |
| current liabilities/ˈkʌrənt ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪtiz/ | 流动负债 | liú dòng fù zhài |
Cash is king
- A business can be making sales yet still run out of money to pay this week's bills.
- Cash flow 现金流 — money in and out — must be managed carefully, especially day to day.
现金为王
- 一个企业能在做着销售的同时仍然没钱支付这周的账单。
- 现金流(cash flow)——钱的进出——必须被仔细管理,尤其是日常。
Inflows are 40 and outflows are 52. What is the net cash flow? · 流入是 40,流出是 52。净现金流是多少?
Net cash flow = 40 − 52 = −12. · 净现金流 = 40 − 52 = −12。
Cash inflows 流入 and outflows 流出
- Inflows: cash coming in (sales receipts, loans).
- Outflows: cash going out (wages, suppliers, rent).
- Net cash flow 净现金流 = inflows − outflows.
A cash-flow forecast 现金流预测 tracks the closing balance each month
现金流入和流出
- 流入(inflows):进来的现金(销售收入、贷款)。
- 流出(outflows):出去的现金(工资、供应商、租金)。
- 净现金流(net cash flow)= 流入 − 流出。
一份现金流预测追踪每个月的期末余额
Cash-flow forecasting · 现金流预测
A forecast of cash in and out each month warns a business of a cash shortage before it strikes. · 一份每个月现金进出的预测在现金短缺来袭之前警告一个企业。
Opening balance 15, net cash flow −6. What is the closing balance? · 期初余额 15,净现金流 −6。期末余额是多少?
Closing = opening + net cash flow = 15 + (−6) = 9. · 期末 = 期初 + 净现金流 = 15 + (−6) = 9。
The main purpose of a cash-flow forecast is to: · 一份现金流预测的主要目的是:
It flags cash shortages early. · 它及早标记现金短缺。
The cash-flow forecast
- A cash-flow forecast predicts inflows and outflows month by month.
- It warns when the business might run short, so finance can be arranged in advance.
Worked example. Opening balance 8, inflows 30, outflows 35 → net cash flow = 30 − 35 = −5. Closing balance = 8 − 5 = 3. A small but positive balance — watch it carefully.
现金流预测
- 一份现金流预测(cash-flow forecast)逐月预测流入和流出。
- 它在企业可能短缺时发出警告,以便资金能提前安排。
例题。 期初余额 8,流入 30,流出 35 → 净现金流 = 30 − 35 = −5。期末余额 = 8 − 5 = 3。一个小但为正的余额——仔细盯着它。
Build the six-month forecast · 编制六个月的现金流预测
Drag the monthly cash in, cash out and the one-off oven purchase — does the bakery stay out of the red all six months? · 拖动每月的现金流入、流出和一次性烤箱采购 — 这家面包店六个月都能保持余额为正吗?
A profitable business can still run out of cash. · 一个盈利的企业仍然能没钱。
Profit is not cash — credit sales and stock tie up money. · 利润不是现金——赊销和库存占用资金。
Working capital equals current assets minus current . · 营运资本等于流动资产减去流动。
It is the cash available for short-term needs. · 它是可用于短期需要的现金。
Working capital 营运资金
- Working capital = current assets 流动资产 − current liabilities 流动负债: cash to meet short-term needs.
- Too little working capital is a common cause of business failure.
Profit is not the same as cash. A sale made on credit adds to profit at once but brings no cash until the customer pays. A profitable business can still run out of cash.
营运资本
- 营运资本(working capital)= 流动资产 − 流动负债:满足短期需要的现金。
- 太少的营运资本是企业失败的一个常见原因。
利润与现金不同。 一笔赊账的销售立刻增加利润,但在顾客付款前不带来现金。一个盈利的企业仍然能没钱。
You've got it
- net cash flow = inflows − outflows; the forecast predicts it month by month
- it warns of shortages early so finance can be arranged
- working capital = current assets − current liabilities; profit ≠ cash
你掌握了
- 净现金流 = 流入 − 流出;预测逐月预测它
- 它及早警告短缺,以便资金能被安排
- 营运资本 = 流动资产 − 流动负债;利润 ≠ 现金