Organisation and management · 组织与管理
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| organisational structure/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənl ˈstrʌktʃə/ | 组织结构 | zǔ zhī jié gòu |
| organisation chart/ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn tʃɑːt/ | 组织结构图 | zǔ zhī jié gòu tú |
| hierarchy/ˈhaɪərɑːki/ | 层级 | céng jí |
| chain of command/tʃeɪn ɒv kəˈmænd/ | 指挥链 | zhǐ huī liàn |
| span of control/spæn ɒv kənˈtrəʊl/ | 管理幅度 | guǎn lǐ fú dù |
| subordinates/sʌˈbɔːdɪnəts/ | 下属 | xià shǔ |
| autocratic/ˌɔːtəʊˈkrætɪk/ | 专制型 | zhuān zhì xíng |
| democratic/ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ | 民主型 | mín zhǔ xíng |
| laissez-faire/ˈleɪsez feə/ | 放任型 | fàng rèn xíng |
| delegated/ˈdelɪɡeɪtɪd/ | 授权 | shòu quán |
Organising the people
- Once a business has more than a few staff, someone must decide who does what and who reports to whom.
- The result is the organisational structure 组织结构.
组织人员
- 一旦一个企业有不只几个员工,就必须有人决定谁做什么以及谁向谁汇报。
- 结果就是组织结构(organisational structure)。
Choose the ownership form · 选择所有权形式
Compare ownership, control and liability in real business types. · 比较真实企业类型中的所有制权、控制权和责任。
A diagram showing roles and reporting lines is an organisation . · 显示角色和汇报关系的图表是组织。
The org chart shows hierarchy and the chain of command. · 组织图显示了层级和指挥链。
The organisation chart 组织结构图
- An organisation chart shows roles, levels of hierarchy 层级, and who reports to whom.
- It makes the chain of command 指挥链 and responsibilities clear.
Authority flows down the chain of command, level by level.
组织结构图
- 一张组织结构图(organisation chart)显示角色、层级(levels of hierarchy)以及谁向谁汇报。
- 它使指挥链(chain of command)和责任清晰。

权力沿着指挥链逐级向下流动。
The span of control is: · 管理幅度是:
Span of control = direct subordinates per manager. · 管理幅度 = 每位经理的直接下属数。
The chain of command is: · 指挥链是:
It is the line down which authority flows. · 这是权威流动的纵向线路。
Span of control 管理幅度 and chain of command
- Span of control: the number of subordinates 下属 a manager directly oversees.
- Chain of command: the line of authority from the top down.
- A wide span means fewer levels (flatter); a narrow span means more levels (taller).
Managers organise and lead the workforce
管理幅度与指挥链
- 管理幅度(span of control):一位经理直接监督的下属数量。
- 指挥链:从上到下的权力线。
- 宽的幅度意味着更少的层级(更扁平);窄的幅度意味着更多的层级(更高耸)。

经理组织和领导员工队伍
An autocratic leader: · 专制型领导者:
Autocratic leaders decide alone. · 专制型领导者独自决策。
A manager who delegates a task is still responsible for the result. · 管理者委派任务后,仍对结果负责。
Authority is delegated; responsibility is not. · 职权被委派;责任未被转移。
Roles and styles
- Managers plan, organise, command, coordinate and control.
- Leadership styles: autocratic 专制型 (the leader decides), democratic 民主型 (consults staff), laissez-faire 放任型 (hands-off).
Authority can be delegated 授权; responsibility stays with the manager. A manager can pass a task down the chain, but is still accountable for whether it gets done.
角色与风格
- 经理计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制。
- 领导风格:专制型(autocratic,领导者决定)、民主型(democratic,征询员工)、放任型(laissez-faire,不干预)。
权力可以被授予;责任仍留在经理身上。 一位经理能把一项任务沿指挥链向下传递,但仍要对它是否完成负责。
You've got it
- an organisation chart shows hierarchy, roles and the chain of command
- span of control = subordinates per manager; wide span → flatter structure
- leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire
你掌握了
- 一张组织结构图显示层级、角色和指挥链
- 管理幅度 = 每位经理的下属数;宽幅度 → 更扁平的结构
- 领导风格:专制型、民主型、放任型