Types of business organisation · 企业类型
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| liable/ˈlaɪəbl/ | 负有责任 | fù yǒu zé rèn |
| sole trader/səʊl ˈtreɪdə/ | 独资企业 | dú zī qǐ yè |
| partnership/ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/ | 合伙企业 | hé huǒ qǐ yè |
| unlimited liability/ʌnˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti/ | 无限责任 | wú xiàn zé rèn |
| private limited company/ˈpraɪvət ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈkʌmpəni/ | 私人有限公司 | sī rén yǒu xiàn gōng sī |
| public limited company/ˈpʌblɪk ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈkʌmpəni/ | 公众有限公司 | gōng zhòng yǒu xiàn gōng sī |
| shareholders/ˈʃeəhəʊldəz/ | 股东 | gǔ dōng |
| limited liability/ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti/ | 有限责任 | yǒu xiàn zé rèn |
| creditors/ˈkredɪtəz/ | 债权人 | zhài quán rén |
Who owns the business?
- A one-person market stall and a global company are owned in completely different ways.
- The type of business organisation decides who owns it and who is liable 负有责任 for its debts.
谁拥有这个企业?
- 一个一人经营的市场摊位和一家全球公司以完全不同的方式被拥有。
- 企业组织类型(type of business organisation)决定谁拥有它以及谁对它的债务负责(liable)。
Choose the ownership form · 选择所有权形式
Compare ownership, control and liability in real business types. · 比较真实企业类型中的所有制权、控制权和责任。
A sole trader has: · 个体经营者拥有：
A sole trader is personally liable for all debts. · 个体经营者需对所有债务承担个人责任。
A partnership has two or more owners who share the capital and risk. · 合伙制企业有两个或更多所有者，他们共同分担资本和风险。
Partners share ownership, profit and (usually) unlimited liability. · 合伙人共享所有权、利润以及（通常）无限责任。
When owners risk their personal possessions for business debts, they have ______ liability. · 当所有者为偿还企业债务而冒个人财产风险时，他们承担的是______责任。
Sole traders and partnerships usually have unlimited liability. · 独资企业和合伙企业通常承担无限责任。
Sole trader 独资企业 and partnership 合伙企业
- Sole trader: one owner. Easy to set up, keeps all profit — but unlimited liability 无限责任.
- Partnership: 2+ owners share capital, work and risk; usually still unlimited liability.
Business types split by liability into unincorporated and incorporated
个体经营者与合伙企业
- 个体经营者(sole trader):一个所有者。容易设立,保留所有利润——但无限责任(unlimited liability)。
- 合伙企业(partnership):2 个以上的所有者分担资本、工作和风险;通常仍是无限责任。
企业类型按责任分为非法人和法人
Limited liability means shareholders can lose: · 有限责任意味着股东可能损失：
Their loss is capped at their investment. · 他们的损失上限为其投资额。
An advantage of becoming a limited company is: · 成立有限责任公司的一个优势是：
Limited liability protects owners' personal assets. · 有限责任保护所有者的个人资产。
Limited companies
- Private limited company 私人有限公司 (Ltd) and public limited company 公众有限公司 (plc) are owned by shareholders 股东.
- They have limited liability 有限责任: owners can lose only what they invested.
Businesses make goods and services to meet people's needs and wants
有限公司
- 私人有限公司(Ltd)和上市公司(plc)由股东(shareholders)拥有。
- 它们有有限责任(limited liability):所有者只能损失他们投资的部分。
Comparing them
- Sole trader/partnership: simple and private, but risky (unlimited liability), hard to raise finance.
- Companies: can raise more finance and protect owners, but face more rules and shared control.
Unlimited liability puts personal assets at risk. If a sole trader's business fails, creditors 债权人 can take the owner's personal possessions. A shareholder in a limited company cannot lose more than they invested.
比较它们
- 个体经营者/合伙企业:简单且私密,但有风险(无限责任),难以筹集资金。
- 公司:能筹集更多资金并保护所有者,但面临更多规则和共享的控制权。
无限责任使个人资产面临风险。 如果一个个体经营者的企业失败,债权人能拿走所有者的个人财物。一家有限公司的股东损失不能超过他们投资的部分。
You've got it
- sole trader (one owner) and partnership (a few) — usually unlimited liability
- Ltd and plc are owned by shareholders with limited liability
- companies raise more finance and limit risk, but face more rules
你掌握了
- 个体经营者(一个所有者)和合伙企业(几个)——通常无限责任
- Ltd 和 plc 由有有限责任的股东拥有
- 公司筹集更多资金并限制风险,但面临更多规则