Adaptive features · 适应特征
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| adaptive feature/əˈdæptɪv ˈfiːtʃə/ | 适应特征 | shì yìng tè zhēng |
| structural/ˈstrʌktʃərəl/ | 结构的 | jié gòu de |
| xerophytes/ˈzɪərəfaɪts/ | 旱生植物 | hàn shēng zhí wù |
| hydrophytes/ˈhaɪdrəfaɪts/ | 水生植物 | shuǐ shēng zhí wù |
Built to survive
- A polar bear's thick fur, a cactus's spines — living things have features that fit where they live.
- These are adaptive features 适应特征, shaped over time by natural selection.
为生存而建
- 一只北极熊厚厚的毛、一棵仙人掌的刺——活的东西有适合它们生活地方的特征。
- 这些是适应特征(adaptive features),随时间由自然选择塑造。
An adaptive feature is one that helps an organism: · 一个适应特征是帮助一个生物以下哪种的特征:
Adaptations improve survival and reproduction. · 适应改善生存和繁殖。
Adaptations can be structural, behavioural or functional. · 适应可以是结构的、行为的或功能的。
All three types help survival. · 所有三种类型都帮助生存。
An inherited feature that improves survival in a habitat is an ______ feature. · 一个改善在一个栖息地中生存的遗传特征是一个______特征。
Adaptive features are shaped by natural selection. · 适应特征由自然选择塑造。
What an adaptation is
- An adaptive feature is an inherited feature that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
- It can be structural 结构的 (body parts), behavioural (actions), or functional (how the body works).
People show wide variation in many inherited features
一个适应是什么
- 一个适应特征是一个帮助一个生物在它的环境中生存和繁殖的遗传特征。
- 它可以是结构的(structural,身体部分)、行为的(behavioural,行动)或功能的(functional,身体如何工作)。
人们在许多遗传特征上显示广泛的变异
Selection shapes adaptations · 选择塑造适应特征
On a dark, sooty tree the better-camouflaged moths survive and breed, so the population shifts — adaptive features arise by natural selection. · 在黑暗、布满煤灰的树上,伪装更好的蛾存活并繁殖,于是种群发生改变——适应特征通过自然选择产生。
A cactus's spines help it to: · 一棵仙人掌的刺帮助它:
Spines cut water loss and protect the plant. · 刺减少水分流失并保护植物。
Examples
- A cactus has spines (reduce water loss, deter animals) and deep roots (reach water).
- A camel stores fat in its hump and tolerates dehydration — adapted to the desert.
A mutation changes the DNA bases, making a new allele
例子
- 一棵仙人掌有刺(减少水分流失、阻止动物)和深根(够到水)。
- 一只骆驼在它的驼峰中储存脂肪并耐受脱水——适应沙漠。
A plant adapted to dry conditions is called a: · 一棵适应干燥条件的植物叫做一个:
Xerophytes are adapted to dry habitats. · 旱生植物适应干燥的栖息地。
Xerophytes 旱生植物 and hydrophytes 水生植物
- Xerophytes (e.g. cactus) are adapted to dry conditions — small leaves, thick cuticle.
- Hydrophytes are adapted to water — air spaces, stomata on top of floating leaves.
Worked example. A cactus's spines are leaves reduced to reduce water loss, while its thick, fleshy stem stores water and does the photosynthesis — every feature suits a dry desert.
旱生植物和水生植物
- 旱生植物(xerophytes,例如仙人掌)适应干燥条件——小叶、厚角质层。
- 水生植物(hydrophytes)适应水——气隙、浮叶顶部的气孔。
例题。 一棵仙人掌的刺是缩小以减少水分流失的叶,而它厚厚的、肉质的茎储存水并进行光合作用——每个特征都适合一个干燥的沙漠。
You've got it
- an adaptive feature helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment
- adaptations can be structural, behavioural or functional
- xerophytes are adapted to dry conditions; hydrophytes to water
你掌握了
- 一个适应特征帮助一个生物在它的环境中生存和繁殖
- 适应可以是结构的、行为的或功能的
- 旱生植物适应干燥条件;水生植物适应水