Codominance and sex linkage · 共显性和性连锁
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| codominance/ˈkəʊdəmɪnəns/ | 共显性 | gòng xiǎn xìng |
| sex linkage/seks ˈlɪŋkɪdʒ/ | 伴性遗传 | bàn xìng yí chuán |
| sex chromosomes/seks ˈkrəʊməsəʊmz/ | 性染色体 | xìng rǎn sè tǐ |
| colour blindness/ˈkʌlə ˈblaɪndnəs/ | 色盲 | sè máng |
When inheritance is more complex
- Not every trait is a simple dominant-or-recessive. Some alleles share the spotlight, and some traits depend on your sex.
- These are codominance 共显性 and sex linkage 伴性遗传.
当遗传更复杂时
- 不是每个性状都是简单的显性或隐性。有些等位基因共享聚光灯,有些性状取决于你的性别。
- 这些是共显性(codominance)和性连锁(sex linkage)。
In codominance: · 在共显性中:
Both alleles are expressed (e.g. blood group AB). · 两个等位基因都被表达(例如血型 AB)。
A person with both A and B blood-group alleles has blood group . · 一个有 A 和 B 两个血型等位基因的人有血型。
Codominance gives group AB. · 共显性给出 AB 型。
Codominance
- In codominance, both alleles show their effect in a heterozygote.
- Example: in blood groups, a person with both A and B alleles has blood group AB.
XX x XY gives a 1:1 ratio of girls to boys; the sperm decides the sex
共显性
- 在共显性中,两个等位基因都在一个杂合子中显示它们的效果。
- 例子:在血型中,一个有 A 和 B 两个等位基因的人有血型 AB。
XX x XY 给出 1:1 的女孩对男孩的比例;精子决定性别
Codominance cross · 共显性杂交
When both alleles show in the phenotype (codominance), the heterozygote shows BOTH features — work it out with a Punnett square. · 当两个等位基因都在表型中显示(共显性)时,杂合子显示两个特征——用一个庞纳特方格算出来。
The sex chromosomes of a human male are: · 一个人类男性的性染色体是:
Males are XY; females are XX. · 男性是 XY;女性是 XX。
Whose gamete determines the sex of a baby? · 谁的配子决定一个婴儿的性别?
The mother always gives X; the father gives X or Y. · 母亲总是给 X;父亲给 X 或 Y。
Sex chromosomes 性染色体
- Sex is determined by the sex chromosomes: XX (female) and XY (male).
- The father's gamete (X or Y) determines the baby's sex.
性染色体
- 性别由性染色体(sex chromosomes)决定:XX(女性)和 XY(男性)。
- 父亲的配子(X 或 Y)决定婴儿的性别。
Recessive sex-linked conditions affect males more often than females. · 隐性性连锁病症比女性更常影响男性。
Males have only one X, so a single recessive allele shows. · 男性只有一个 X,所以一个单一隐性等位基因显示。
Sex linkage
- A sex-linked gene is carried on the X chromosome.
- Because males have only one X, they are more likely to show recessive sex-linked conditions (like red-green colour blindness 色盲).
Sex-linked recessive conditions affect more males. A male has only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele on it will show. A female would need it on both X chromosomes.
性连锁
- 一个性连锁基因携带在 X 染色体上。
- 因为男性只有一个 X,他们更可能显示隐性性连锁病症(像红绿色盲)。
性连锁隐性病症影响更多男性。 一个男性只有一个 X 染色体,所以它上面的一个单一隐性等位基因将显示。一个女性会需要它在两个 X 染色体上。
You've got it
- codominance: both alleles show (e.g. blood group AB)
- sex chromosomes: XX = female, XY = male; the father determines sex
- sex-linked genes are on the X — recessive ones affect males more often
你掌握了
- 共显性:两个等位基因都显示(例如血型 AB)
- 性染色体:XX = 女性,XY = 男性;父亲决定性别
- 性连锁基因在 X 上——隐性的更常影响男性