Meiosis · 减数分裂
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| gametes/ˈɡæmiːts/ | 配子 | pèi zi |
| meiosis/meɪˈəʊsɪs/ | 减数分裂 | jiǎn shù fēn liè |
| variation/ˌveərɪˈeɪʃn/ | 变异 | biàn yì |
Making gametes 配子
- Gametes must carry only half the chromosomes, so that fertilisation restores the full set.
- The special division that does this is meiosis 减数分裂.
制造配子
- 配子必须只携带一半的染色体,这样受精恢复完整的一套。
- 做这件事的特殊分裂是减数分裂(meiosis)。
Meiosis produces how many cells from one parent cell? · 减数分裂从一个亲本细胞产生多少个细胞?
Meiosis makes four gametes. · 减数分裂制造四个配子。
Each cell made by meiosis has: · 减数分裂制造的每个细胞有:
Gametes carry half the chromosomes. · 配子携带一半的染色体。
Meiosis produces the sex cells, also called . · 减数分裂产生性细胞,也叫做。
Gametes have half the chromosome number. · 配子有一半的染色体数目。
What meiosis is
- Meiosis produces four cells, each with half the chromosome number.
- These cells are the gametes (sperm and eggs).
A Punnett square for Bb x Bb gives a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive
减数分裂是什么
- 减数分裂产生四个细胞,每个有一半的染色体数目。
- 这些细胞是配子(gametes,精子和卵)。
一个 Bb x Bb 的庞纳特方格给出 3:1 的显性对隐性的比例
Meiosis · 减数分裂
Meiosis makes gametes — four cells, each with HALF the chromosomes and all different. · 减数分裂制造配子——四个细胞,每个有一半的染色体,全都不同。
Meiosis is important because it: · 减数分裂很重要,因为它:
Meiosis mixes genes, producing variation. · 减数分裂混合基因,产生变异。
It creates variation 变异
- Meiosis mixes the genes, so each gamete is genetically different.
- This is a major source of variation in sexual reproduction.
它创造变异
- 减数分裂混合基因,所以每个配子都遗传上不同。
- 这是有性生殖中变异的一个主要来源。
Halving the chromosome number stops it doubling each generation. · 把染色体数目减半阻止它每一代翻倍。
Fertilisation then restores the full number. · 受精然后恢复完整的数目。
Mitosis vs meiosis
- Mitosis: 2 identical cells, full chromosome number — growth/repair.
- Meiosis: 4 varied cells, half the number — making gametes.
Meiosis halves the chromosome number; mitosis keeps it the same. This halving is essential — without it, the chromosome number would double every generation at fertilisation.
有丝分裂对比减数分裂
- 有丝分裂:2 个相同的细胞,完整的染色体数目——生长/修复。
- 减数分裂:4 个变化的细胞,一半的数目——制造配子。
减数分裂把染色体数目减半;有丝分裂保持它相同。 这种减半是必不可少的——没有它,染色体数目会在每一代受精时翻倍。
You've got it
- meiosis makes four cells, each with half the chromosome number — the gametes
- it mixes genes, creating variation
- mitosis = 2 identical (full number); meiosis = 4 varied (half number)
你掌握了
- 减数分裂制造四个细胞,每个有一半的染色体数目——配子
- 它混合基因,创造变异
- 有丝分裂 = 2 个相同(完整数目);减数分裂 = 4 个变化(一半数目)