Fertilisation and germination · 受精和萌发
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| seed/siːd/ | 种子 | zhǒng zi |
| pollen tube/ˈpɒlən tjuːb/ | 花粉管 | huā fěn guǎn |
| ovule/ˈɒvjuːl/ | 胚珠 | pēi zhū |
| fruit/fruːt/ | 果实 | guǒ shí |
| germination/ˌdʒɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ | 萌发 | méng fā |
From pollen to a new plant
- After pollination, the plant must complete fertilisation and grow a seed 种子 — which later sprouts.
- These steps turn a flower into the next generation.
从花粉到一棵新植物
- 传粉后,植物必须完成受精并长出一颗种子——它之后发芽。
- 这些步骤把一朵花变成下一代。
After landing on the stigma, a pollen grain grows a: · 落在柱头上之后,一个花粉粒长出一个:
The pollen tube carries the male nucleus to the ovule. · 花粉管把雄性核携带到胚珠。
After fertilisation, the ovule becomes a: · 受精后,胚珠变成一个:
The ovule becomes a seed; the ovary becomes a fruit. · 胚珠变成一颗种子;子房变成一个果实。
Fertilisation in plants
- A pollen grain grows a pollen tube 花粉管 down the style to an ovule 胚珠 in the ovary.
- The male nucleus fuses with the ovule — fertilisation. The ovule becomes a seed; the ovary becomes a fruit 果实.
Pollination transfers pollen from anther to stigma — the first step toward a new plant
植物中的受精
- 一个花粉粒沿花柱长出一根花粉管(pollen tube)到子房中的一个胚珠(ovule)。
- 雄性核与胚珠融合——受精。胚珠变成一颗种子;子房变成一个果实。
授粉把花粉从花药传到柱头——长成新植物的第一步
Germination of a seed · 一颗种子的萌发
A seed stays dormant until it has the right conditions, then the young plant grows out. · 一颗种子保持休眠,直到它有正确的条件,然后幼小的植物长出来。
Which conditions does a seed need to germinate? (Select all that apply.) · 一颗种子萌发需要哪些条件?(选择所有适用项。)
Seeds need water, oxygen and warmth — not light at first. · 种子需要水、氧和温暖——起初不要光。
Germination needs ______ to activate the seed's enzymes. · 萌发需要______来激活种子的酶。
Water, oxygen and warmth start germination. · 水、氧和温暖开始萌发。
What a seed needs to germinate
- Germination 萌发 is a seed starting to grow. It needs water, oxygen and a suitable temperature.
- (It does not need light at first — the energy comes from the seed's food store.)
一颗种子萌发需要什么
- 萌发(germination)是一颗种子开始生长。它需要水、氧和一个适宜的温度。
- (它起初不需要光——能量来自种子的食物储存。)
A seed needs light to begin germinating. · 一颗种子需要光来开始萌发。
The seed uses its own food store; light is needed only later. · 种子使用它自己的食物储存;光只在之后需要。
Why those conditions
- Water activates enzymes; oxygen is for respiration; warmth speeds the enzymes up.
- The young plant uses stored food until its leaves can photosynthesise.
Seeds don't need light to germinate. Many people assume they do, but the seed has its own food store. Light is only needed later, once the seedling must photosynthesise.
为什么是那些条件
- 水激活酶;氧用于呼吸作用;温暖加快酶。
- 幼小的植物使用储存的食物,直到它的叶能进行光合作用。
种子不需要光来萌发。 许多人假设它们需要,但种子有它自己的食物储存。光只在之后需要,一旦幼苗必须进行光合作用。
You've got it
- a pollen tube carries the male nucleus to the ovule → fertilisation
- the ovule becomes a seed, the ovary becomes a fruit
- germination needs water, oxygen and warmth (not light at first)
你掌握了
- 一根花粉管把雄性核携带到胚珠 → 受精
- 胚珠变成一颗种子,子房变成一个果实
- 萌发需要水、氧和温暖(起初不要光)