Accommodation, rods and cones · 调节、视杆细胞和视锥细胞
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| accommodation/əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/ | 视觉调节 | shì jué tiáo jié |
| ciliary muscles/ˈsɪlɪəri ˈmʌslz/ | 睫状肌 | jié zhuàng jī |
| rods/rɒdz/ | 视杆细胞 | shì gān xì bāo |
| cones/kəʊnz/ | 视锥细胞 | shì zhuī xì bāo |
Focusing near and far
- Your eye can switch focus from a distant hill to a book in your hands almost instantly.
- This focusing is accommodation 视觉调节, and seeing in colour and dim light depends on two cell types.
聚焦近和远
- 你的眼睛几乎瞬间就能把焦点从一座远山切换到你手中的一本书。
- 这种聚焦是调节(accommodation),而看颜色和在昏暗光线下看依赖两种细胞类型。
To focus on a NEAR object, the lens becomes: · 为了聚焦一个近的物体,晶状体变得:
A fatter lens bends light more for near objects. · 更胖的晶状体为近的物体把光弯曲得更多。
The eye changing focus between near and far objects is called . · 眼睛在近和远的物体之间改变焦点叫做。
The lens changes shape to focus at different distances. · 晶状体改变形状以在不同距离聚焦。
Accommodation
- The lens changes shape to focus on near or far objects.
- For near objects: the lens becomes fatter (more curved).
- For far objects: the lens becomes thinner (flatter).
The eye focuses light onto the retina; the lens changes shape to focus on near or far objects
调节
- 晶状体改变形状以聚焦近或远的物体。
- 对于近的物体:晶状体变得更胖(更弯曲)。
- 对于远的物体:晶状体变得更薄(更平)。
眼睛把光聚焦到视网膜上;晶状体改变形状以看近处或远处的物体
Accommodation — focusing the eye · 调节——聚焦眼睛
The eye changes the shape of its lens to focus on near or far objects. · 眼睛改变它的晶状体的形状以聚焦近或远的物体。
The lens shape is changed by the: · 晶状体的形状由以下哪个改变:
Ciliary muscles (and suspensory ligaments) change lens shape. · 睫状肌(和悬韧带)改变晶状体形状。
Controlled by the ciliary muscles 睫状肌
- The ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments change the lens shape.
- Near object: ciliary muscles contract, lens fattens. Far object: they relax, lens flattens.
由睫状肌控制
- 睫状肌(ciliary muscles)和悬韧带改变晶状体的形状。
- 近物体:睫状肌收缩,晶状体变胖。远物体:它们放松,晶状体变平。
Rods are light-sensitive cells that: · 视杆细胞是这样的光敏细胞,它们:
Rods are sensitive in dim light; cones detect colour. · 视杆细胞在昏暗光线下敏感;视锥细胞检测颜色。
Cones detect colour and work best in bright light. · 视锥细胞检测颜色并在明亮光线下工作得最好。
Cones need bright light; rods handle dim light. · 视锥细胞需要明亮光线;视杆细胞处理昏暗光线。
Rods 视杆细胞 and cones 视锥细胞
- The retina has two light-sensitive cells: rods and cones.
- Rods: very sensitive, work in dim light, but give no colour. Cones: need bright light, detect colour.
In the dark you see in black and white. Only rods work in dim light, and they can't detect colour. That's why colours fade at night even though shapes are still visible.
视杆细胞和视锥细胞
- 视网膜有两种光敏细胞:视杆细胞(rods)和视锥细胞(cones)。
- 视杆细胞:非常敏感,在昏暗光线下工作,但不给出颜色。视锥细胞:需要明亮光线,检测颜色。
在黑暗中你看到的是黑白的。 在昏暗光线下只有视杆细胞工作,它们不能检测颜色。这就是为什么夜里颜色褪去,即使形状仍然可见。
You've got it
- accommodation: the lens fattens for near objects, flattens for far ones
- the ciliary muscles change the lens shape (contract = fatter lens)
- rods = dim light, no colour; cones = bright light, colour
你掌握了
- 调节:晶状体为近物体变胖,为远物体变平
- 睫状肌改变晶状体形状(收缩 = 更胖的晶状体)
- 视杆细胞 = 昏暗光线,没有颜色;视锥细胞 = 明亮光线,颜色