Blood vessels · 血管
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| arteries/ˈɑːtəriz/ | 动脉 | dòng mài |
| veins/veɪnz/ | 静脉 | jìng mài |
| capillaries/ˈkæpɪləriz/ | 毛细血管 | máo xì xuè guǎn |
Three kinds of pipe
- Blood travels in vessels — but not all vessels are the same.
- Arteries 动脉, veins 静脉 and capillaries 毛细血管 each have a structure that fits their job.
三种管子
- 血液在血管中行进——但不是所有血管都一样。
- 动脉、静脉和毛细血管各有一个适合它们工作的结构。
Arteries carry blood: · 动脉运送血液:
Arteries carry blood away from the heart. · 动脉把血液从心脏运走。
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood, showing "artery = away from heart", not "artery = oxygen-rich". · 肺动脉运送脱氧的血液,显示"动脉 = 从心脏运走",而不是"动脉 = 富含氧"。
Arteries are defined by direction, not oxygen content. · 动脉由方向定义,而不是氧含量。
Arteries
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart, usually at high pressure.
- They have thick, muscular, elastic walls to withstand and smooth the pressure.
Arteries, veins and capillaries are each built for their job
动脉
- 动脉(arteries)把血液从心脏运走,通常以高压。
- 它们有厚的、肌肉的、有弹性的壁以承受并平滑压力。
动脉、静脉和毛细血管各为它们的工作而建
The three blood vessels · 三种血管
Compare an artery, a vein and a capillary — their walls and lumens suit the pressure and job of each. · 比较一条动脉、一条静脉和一条毛细血管——它们的壁和管腔适合各自的压力和工作。
Veins contain valves to: · 静脉含有瓣膜以:
Valves keep low-pressure blood moving one way. · 瓣膜保持低压血液单向移动。
Veins
- Veins carry blood back to the heart, at low pressure.
- They have thinner walls and valves to stop blood flowing backwards.
A scanning electron micrograph of blood: biconcave red cells, two rounded white cells and small platelets
静脉
- 静脉(veins)把血液运回心脏,以低压。
- 它们有更薄的壁和瓣膜以阻止血液向后流动。
血液的扫描电子显微照片:双凹的红细胞、两个圆形的白细胞和小血小板
Capillary walls are one cell thick so that: · 毛细血管壁是一个细胞厚,这样:
Thin walls allow exchange of oxygen, glucose and waste. · 薄壁允许氧、葡萄糖和废物的交换。
The smallest blood vessels, where exchange happens, are the . · 最小的血管,交换在那里发生,是。
Capillaries have walls one cell thick. · 毛细血管的壁有一个细胞厚。
Capillaries
- Capillaries are tiny vessels with walls one cell thick.
- This lets substances (oxygen, glucose, waste) exchange between blood and cells.
Arteries carry blood away; veins carry it back — regardless of oxygen. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood (to the lungs), and the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood. "Artery = away" is the rule, not "artery = oxygen-rich".
毛细血管
- 毛细血管(capillaries)是壁一个细胞厚的微小血管。
- 这让物质(氧、葡萄糖、废物)在血液和细胞之间交换。
动脉把血液运走;静脉把它运回——无论氧如何。 肺动脉运脱氧的血液(到肺),肺静脉运含氧的血液。"动脉 = 运走"是规则,而不是"动脉 = 富含氧"。
You've got it
- arteries: away from heart, high pressure, thick muscular walls
- veins: back to heart, low pressure, thin walls + valves
- capillaries: one cell thick, for exchange of substances
你掌握了
- 动脉:从心脏运走,高压,厚的肌肉壁
- 静脉:运回心脏,低压,薄壁 + 瓣膜
- 毛细血管:一个细胞厚,用于物质的交换