Working across cultures · 跨文化协作
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| culture/ˈkʌltʃə/ | 文化 | wén huà |
| cultural diversity/ˈkʌltʃərəl daɪˈvɜːsɪti/ | 文化多样性 | wén huà duō yàng xìng |
| stereotype/ˈsterɪəʊtaɪp/ | 刻板印象 | kè bǎn yìn xiàng |
Check the meaning before assigning a cause
In a fictional meeting, Wei asks whether the group can send a draft on Friday. Ana says, “That could be difficult.” Wei records “everyone agreed”. No one has asked Ana what the difficulty is.
Culture 文化 includes shared practices, meanings and expectations. Individuals also differ, and work conditions matter. Ana's sentence could identify an obstacle or express reluctance. Her nationality alone cannot establish its meaning. Ask about the task: “What makes Friday difficult, and what can you complete by then?”
归因前先核实含义
在一场虚构的会议中，魏询问小组能否周五发送草稿。安娜说：“那可能会有些困难。”魏记录为“大家都同意了”。没有人问过安娜所谓的困难是什么。
文化 文化包括共享的实践、意义和期望。个体之间也有差异，且工作环境很重要。安娜的话可能指出了一个障碍，也可能表达了不情愿。仅凭她的国籍无法确定其确切含义。应针对任务提问：“为什么周五有困难，到那时你能完成什么？”
Ana says Friday could be difficult. Which action checks what she means? · 安娜说周五可能比较困难。哪项行动能核实她的真实含义？
Ask about the obstacle and available work. Nationality or a polite phrase alone does not establish intention. · 询问遇到的障碍及可用工作量。仅凭国籍或礼貌用语不能确立其意图。
Confirm a specific decision
Silence or a polite response is not enough to establish agreement. Restate who will do what and by when, then invite correction. “Wei will send the draft on Friday at 16:00; each member will comment by Sunday 18:00. Can everyone meet those times?”
Record a confirmed answer or an unresolved point. A confirmation question reduces ambiguity but does not guarantee that everyone understood it. Allow questions, check availability and compare the later handover with the agreement.
确认具体决定
沉默或礼貌的回应不足以确立共识。重述谁将在何时做什么，然后邀请纠正。“魏将于周五16:00发送草稿；每位成员需在周日18:00前评论。大家能否满足这些时间节点？”
记录已确认的回答或未解决的要点。确认性问题可以减少歧义，但不能保证每个人都理解了它。允许提问，核实可用性，并将后续的交接与协议进行比对。
A meeting that ends without objection has definitely ended in agreement. · 一场没有人反对的会议,一定意味着达成了一致。
Confirm the task, owner and deadline; invite correction and record unresolved points. Silence alone does not prove agreement. · 确认任务、负责人和截止日期；邀请纠正并记录未决事项。仅凭沉默不能证明达成一致。
Write one sentence that confirms a group decision explicitly, so nobody leaves with a different understanding. · 写一句话明确确认小组的决定,好让没有人带着不同的理解离开。
Example: "So Wei sends the draft to the group on Friday and we each comment by Sunday — is that right?" · 例如:“So Wei sends the draft to the group on Friday and we each comment by Sunday — is that right?”
Invite evidence from different perspectives
Cultural diversity 文化多样性 means that different cultural backgrounds are represented. It can bring different experiences and questions; it does not guarantee better decisions or tell you what a particular person knows.
A stereotype 刻板印象 applies a generalised expectation about a group to an individual. “People from her country never disagree directly” does not establish Ana's intention. Check her explanation, relevant experience and actual contribution instead of assigning a role from that claim.
从不同视角邀请证据
文化多样性 文化多样性 意味着代表不同的文化背景。它可以带来不同的经验和疑问；但它不能保证做出更好的决策，也不能告诉你特定人物的知识储备。
刻板印象 刻板印象 是将对群体的概括性预期强加于个体。“她国家的人从不直接反对”并不能证实安娜的意图。应核查她的解释、相关经验和实际贡献，而不是基于这一说法给她分配角色。
Applying a generalisation about a group to an individual is a useful shortcut in teamwork. · 把关于某个群体的概括套用到个人身上,是团队协作中有用的捷径。
A group generalisation does not establish an individual intention or ability. Ask about the work and check the evidence. · 群体概括不能确立个人意图或能力。询问实际工作内容并核查证据。
Design turns, then review them
Four presenters, one trial. Two students answered every rehearsal question before the others had a turn. The quieter two said they had prepared answers but needed time to read each question. The group agreed question areas and a short pause before assigning a turn.
At the next rehearsal all four answered at least one question. The group checked answers against the report and found one figure still needed correction. More balanced turns improved participation in that trial; they did not establish that every answer was accurate or identify nationality as the cause of the earlier silence.
设计发言轮次，然后进行回顾
四位演讲者，一次演练。 两名学生在其他人轮到自己之前就回答了所有排练问题。另外两名较安静的学生表示他们已准备好答案，但需要时间逐题朗读。小组 agreed 了问题领域，并在分配轮次前留出短暂停顿。
在下一次排练中，四人都至少回答了一个问题。小组将答案与报告进行了比对，发现仍有一个数字需要修正。更均衡的轮次改善了那次演练中的参与度；但这并未证明每个答案都准确无误，也未将之前的沉默归因于国籍。
Two presenters say they need time to read questions and have been interrupted. Which plan directly addresses those reported obstacles? · 两位演讲者表示他们需要时间阅读问题且曾被打断。哪项计划直接解决了这些报告的障碍？
This addresses the reported obstacles. Review participation and accuracy in rehearsal; an agreed turn does not guarantee correctness. · 这解决了报告的障碍。在彩排中审查参与度和准确性；虽已约定轮流发言，但这不能保证内容正确。
Agree a shared process
Discuss how to raise a concern, confirm a deadline, ask for clarification and review contributions. Offer clear turns and written decisions; ask whether these meet the actual need. Keep the course's task and accessibility rules in view.
Do not assume that the quickest or loudest answer is correct. Compare the explanation and evidence with the task. Also avoid assuming that the quietest person must be the expert. Both claims replace a check with an impression.
商定共享流程
讨论如何提出关切、确认截止日期、请求澄清和回顾贡献。提供明确的发言轮次和书面决议；询问这些是否满足实际需求。始终关注课程的任务要求和无障碍规则。
不要假设最快或声音最大的回答就是正确的。应将解释和证据与任务要求进行比对。同样，不要假设最安静的人一定是专家。这两种假设都是用印象代替了核查。
Clarify the task, invite correction and record the result. Culture may help you ask respectful questions; it cannot supply a person's answer. In the rehearsal, all four spoke and one figure still needed correction. The next step is to fix and check that figure, then review another trial.
澄清任务，邀请纠正并记录结果。 文化可以帮助你提出礼貌的问题，但不能替代个人的回答。在排练中，四人都发言了，但仍有一个数字需要修正。下一步是修正并核实该数字，然后进行另一次演练回顾。