International economics · 国际经济学
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| exchange rate/eksˈtʃeɪndʒ reɪt/ | 汇率 | huì lǜ |
| tariff/ˈtærɪf/ | 关税 | guān shuì |
| quota/ˈkwəʊtə/ | 配额 | pèi é |
| free trade/friː treɪd/ | 自由贸易 | zì yóu mào yì |
| protectionism/prəˈtekʃənɪzəm/ | 贸易保护主义 | mào yì bǎo hù zhǔ yì |
Currency changes the price abroad
- An exchange rate 汇率 is the price of one currency in terms of another.
- When a home currency becomes stronger, imported goods may become cheaper for home buyers, while the firm's exports may become more expensive for foreign buyers.
- The direction matters because the business has customers, suppliers, and costs in different currencies.
Exchange rates move even when the price tag stays perfectly still.
货币改变国外价格
- exchange rate(汇率)是一种货币用另一种货币表示的价格。
- 当本币变强时,进口商品对本国买家可能更便宜,而企业的出口对外国买家可能更昂贵。
- 方向很重要,因为企业的顾客、供应商和成本使用不同货币。
价签一动不动，汇率却照样会跑。
A stronger home currency can make imported components cheaper. · 更强的本币可以使进口零件更便宜。
The home business needs fewer home-currency units to buy foreign currency. · 本国企业需要较少本币来购买外币。
Governments shape trade
- A tariff 关税 is a tax on imports. It can raise the price of imported goods.
- A quota 配额 limits the quantity of a product that can be imported.
- Governments may use barriers to protect domestic producers, raise revenue, or respond to another country's policies. Consumers may face less choice or higher prices.
政府塑造贸易
- tariff(关税)是对进口征收的税,可以提高进口商品价格。
- quota(配额)限制可进口产品的数量。
- 政府可能用壁垒保护国内生产者、增加收入或回应另一国政策。消费者可能面对更少选择或更高价格。
What is a tariff? · 什么是关税?
A tariff can raise the price of imported products or components. · 关税可以提高进口产品或零件价格。
Match the trade barrier to its effect. · 把贸易壁垒与效果配对。
Both can reduce foreign competition, but they operate differently. · 两者都可能减少国外竞争,但运作方式不同。
Trade-offs, not slogans
- Free trade 自由贸易 means fewer barriers to international exchange. It can expand choice and competition.
- Protectionism 贸易保护主义 uses barriers to favour domestic producers. It may protect jobs in one sector but raise costs for firms that need imported inputs.
- A business judgement identifies who gains, who loses, and how long the effect may last.
取舍,不是口号
- free trade(自由贸易)表示国际交换的壁垒较少,可以扩大选择和竞争。
- protectionism(贸易保护主义)用壁垒偏向国内生产者。它可能保护一个行业的工作,也会提高需要进口投入的企业成本。
- 商业判断应说明谁获益、谁受损以及效果可能持续多久。
A bicycle-accessory exporter buys lights in dollars and sells finished kits abroad. If its home currency strengthens, imported lights may cost less, but foreign customers may find the finished kits more expensive. The manager cannot call the exchange-rate change simply “good” or “bad”.
**一家自行车配件出口商用美元购买车灯,并向国外销售成套产品。**如果本币变强,进口车灯可能更便宜,但外国顾客会觉得成套产品更贵。经理不能把汇率变化简单叫作“好”或“坏”。
Who may be affected by a tariff on imported components? Choose all that apply. · 进口零件关税可能影响谁?选出所有正确项。
The direction and size of the effect differ, which is why a judgement needs stakeholders. · 影响方向和大小不同,因此判断需要利益相关者。
Write one English sentence explaining one effect of a stronger home currency on the exporter. · 用一句英语说明更强本币对出口商的一项影响。
Example: “A stronger home currency makes imported lights cheaper, but it can make exported kits cost more for foreign customers.” · 例如:“A stronger home currency makes imported lights cheaper, but it can make exported kits cost more for foreign customers.”
Change → stakeholder effect → response. A tariff can make an imported part more expensive, so a business may renegotiate with suppliers, redesign the product, or review its price.
**变化→利益相关者影响→回应。**关税可以使进口零件更贵,企业可能与供应商重新谈判、重新设计产品或复查价格。
Do not say a tariff always helps “the economy”. Its effect differs for domestic producers, importers, customers, and firms using imported components.
不要说关税总能帮助“经济”。它对国内生产者、进口商、顾客和使用进口零件的企业影响不同。