Introduction to international business · 国际商务入门
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| international business/ˌɪntəˈnæʃənl ˈbɪznəs/ | 国际商务 | guó jì shāng wù |
| imports/ɪmˈpɔːts/ | 进口 | jìn kǒu |
| exports/ˈekspɔːts/ | 出口 | chū kǒu |
| comparative advantage/kəmˈpærətɪv ədˈvæntɪdʒ/ | 比较优势 | bǐ jiào yōu shì |
| exporting/ekˈspɔːtɪŋ/ | 出口 | chū kǒu |
| joint venture/dʒɔɪnt ˈventʃə/ | 合资企业 | hé zī qǐ yè |
Crossing a border changes the decision
- International business 国际商务 involves buying, selling, investing, or operating across national borders.
- A firm may enter another country to reach new customers, find suppliers, access skills, or spread risk across markets.
- A larger market is not automatically a better market. The firm must understand demand, rules, costs, and local competitors.
A map can show a border; it cannot complete the customs form.
跨越国界会改变决定
- international business(国际商务)包括跨国购买、销售、投资或运营。
- 企业可能进入另一国以接触新顾客、寻找供应商、获得技能或分散市场风险。
- 更大市场不会自动成为更好市场。企业必须了解需求、规则、成本和当地竞争者。
地图能画出边界，却不会替企业填海关表格。
Trade links specialisation
- Imports 进口 are goods or services bought from another country. Exports 出口 are goods or services sold to another country.
- Comparative advantage 比较优势 means a country or business can produce something at a lower opportunity cost than another. It encourages specialisation and trade.
- Trade can offer more choice and lower costs, but it can also expose a firm to transport delays and overseas supplier risks.
贸易联系专业化
- imports(进口)是从另一国购买的商品或服务。exports(出口)是卖到另一国的商品或服务。
- comparative advantage(比较优势)指一个国家或企业可以用比另一个更低的机会成本生产某物。它鼓励专业化和贸易。
- 贸易可以提供更多选择和更低成本,也会使企业面对运输延误和海外供应商风险。
Match the trade term to its meaning. · 把贸易术语与含义配对。
The direction is from the viewpoint of the home business or country. · 方向从本国企业或国家的角度判断。
Comparative advantage concerns lower opportunity cost, not simply producing the most units. · 比较优势关注较低机会成本,不只是生产最多单位。
It explains why specialisation and exchange can benefit trading partners. · 它解释了为什么专业化和交换可能使贸易伙伴受益。
Choose an entry route
- An exporting 出口 strategy sells from the home market into another market. It can be a lower-commitment way to test demand.
- A joint venture 合资企业 is an arrangement where organisations share a new project or business. A local partner may bring knowledge and contacts.
- A foreign subsidiary gives more control, but normally needs more money, knowledge, and commitment.
选择进入方式
- exporting(出口)策略是从本国市场销售到另一市场。它可以用较低投入测试需求。
- joint venture(合资企业)是组织共同开展新项目或企业的安排。当地伙伴可能带来知识和联系。
- 外国子公司有更多控制权,但通常需要更多资金、知识和投入。
Which route can test overseas demand with lower commitment? · 哪种方式能以较低投入测试海外需求?
Exporting can provide evidence before a larger investment. · 出口可以在更大投资前提供证据。
A bicycle-accessory business receives online orders from another country. It begins by exporting a small range, tests delivery time and returns, then considers a local partner only after it has evidence of regular demand.
The route matches the uncertainty: first learn cheaply, then commit more if the market proves real.
**一家自行车配件企业收到来自另一国的线上订单。**它先出口少量产品,测试配送时间和退货,只有得到稳定需求证据后才考虑当地伙伴。
这种方式适合不确定性:先低成本学习,市场证明真实后再投入更多。
Before entering a foreign market, what should the firm understand? Choose all that apply. · 进入国外市场前,企业应了解什么?选出所有正确项。
International expansion changes the information a firm needs. · 国际扩张改变企业需要的信息。
Write one English sentence explaining why the bicycle-accessory business should export first. · 用一句英语说明自行车配件企业为什么应先出口。
Example: “Exporting a small range lets the firm test regular overseas demand before paying for a local operation.” · 例如:“Exporting a small range lets the firm test regular overseas demand before paying for a local operation.”
Market opportunity → entry route → reason. “The firm exports first because it can test overseas demand without paying to build a full local operation” is a complete judgement.
市场机会→进入方式→理由。“企业先出口,因为它可以测试海外需求而不用支付建立完整当地运营的成本”是完整判断。
Do not assume a product successful at home will succeed unchanged abroad. Price, language, law, culture, and distribution can all alter the offer.
不要假设在本国成功的产品在国外无需改变也会成功。价格、语言、法律、文化和分销都可能改变产品。