Spending and investing · 支出与投资
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| interest/ˈɪntrest/ | 利息 | lì xī |
| credit/ˈkredɪt/ | 信贷 | xìn dài |
| investment/ɪnˈvestmənt/ | 投资 | tóu zī |
| simple interest/ˈsɪmpl ˈɪntrest/ | 单利 | dān lì |
| compound interest/ˈkɒmpaʊnd ˈɪntrest/ | 复利 | fù lì |
| risk/rɪsk/ | 风险 | fēng xiǎn |
Spending has a future cost
- A purchase has a price today and may have costs later: repairs, subscriptions, interest, or a missed saving opportunity.
- Credit 信贷 lets a person use money now and repay later. It can be useful for a planned need, but it is not extra income.
- Compare the total repayment, not only the small monthly payment.
The monthly payment smiles; the total cost reads the small print.
消费有未来成本
- 一次购买有今天的价格,也可能有以后成本:维修、订阅、利息或失去的储蓄机会。
- credit(信贷)让人现在用钱,以后偿还。它可以用于有计划的需要,但不是额外收入。
- 比较总还款额,而不只是很小的月付款。
每月还款看着很友好，总成本却读过小字条款。
Credit is extra income that never needs repaying. · 信贷是不必偿还的额外收入。
Credit is borrowed money and has a repayment commitment. · 信贷是借来的钱,有偿还承诺。
Interest changes the decision
- Interest 利息 is the cost of borrowing or the return paid on savings and some investments.
- Simple interest 单利 is calculated only on the original amount. Compound interest 复利 adds interest to an amount that already includes earlier interest.
- The same mechanism can grow savings or make an unpaid debt grow faster.
利息会改变决定
- interest(利息)是借钱的成本,或储蓄和一些投资得到的回报。
- simple interest(单利)只按原始金额计算。compound interest(复利)把利息加到已包含过去利息的金额上。
- 同一机制可以让储蓄增长,也能让未偿债务增长更快。
Which type adds interest to an amount that includes earlier interest? · 哪一种会把利息加到已包含过去利息的金额上?
Compound interest earns or charges interest on earlier interest too. · 复利也会对过去的利息计算利息。
Return comes with risk
- An investment 投资 is an asset bought in the hope it will produce income or increase in value.
- Risk 风险 is the chance that the outcome differs from what you expect, including losing money. Higher possible returns commonly come with greater risk.
- Diversification means spreading money across different investments so that one bad result does not decide everything.
回报伴随风险
- investment(投资)是希望产生收入或升值而购买的资产。
- risk(风险)是结果与预期不同的可能性,包括亏钱。较高的可能回报通常伴随更大风险。
- 分散投资是把钱分布在不同投资中,使一次坏结果不会决定一切。
Match the financial idea to its meaning. · 把金融概念与含义配对。
Diversification reduces dependence on one outcome; it cannot remove all risk. · 分散投资减少对一个结果的依赖,但不能消除所有风险。
A laptop costs 4,800 yuan in cash or twelve payments of 450 yuan. The instalment plan costs 5,400 yuan in total. The extra 600 yuan is the cost of using credit. The buyer should compare that cost with the benefit of having the laptop now.
There is no universal answer: a necessary work tool may justify planned credit; an impulse purchase may not.
**一台笔记本电脑现金价为 4,800 元,或分十二期每期 450 元。**分期总成本为 5,400 元。多出的 600 元是使用信贷的成本。买家应把这个成本与现在拥有电脑的好处比较。
没有普遍答案:必要的工作工具可能值得有计划地使用信贷;冲动购买可能不值得。
Twelve payments of 450 yuan cost how many yuan in total? · 十二期每期 450 元,总成本是多少元?
12 × 450 = 5400 yuan. · 12×450=5400 元。
Write one English sentence explaining why the buyer should compare total repayment with the cash price. · 用一句英语说明买家为什么应把总还款与现金价比较。
Example: “The instalments total 5400 yuan, so credit costs 600 yuan more than paying 4800 yuan in cash.” · 例如:“The instalments total 5400 yuan, so credit costs 600 yuan more than paying 4800 yuan in cash.”
State the total, then judge the trade-off. “450 yuan is affordable” ignores eleven other payments. A financial decision needs the whole commitment.
先说总额,再判断取舍。“450 元负担得起”忽略了另外十一次付款。财务决定需要看完整承诺。
Do not promise that an investment will make money. A past rise in value is evidence about the past, not a guarantee about the future.
不要承诺投资一定赚钱。过去升值只是过去的证据,不是未来保证。