External and internal sources of change · 外部与内部变化来源
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| external change/ekˈstɜːnl tʃeɪndʒ/ | 外部变化 | wài bù biàn huà |
| internal change/ɪnˈtɜːnl tʃeɪndʒ/ | 内部变化 | nèi bù biàn huà |
| budget/ˈbʌdʒɪt/ | 预算 | yù suàn |
| legislation/ˌledʒɪˈsleɪʃn/ | 法律法规 | fǎ lǜ fǎ guī |
| innovation/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ | 创新 | chuàng xīn |
Change reaches every firm
- An external change 外部变化 starts outside a business: a new law, exchange rate, competitor, technology, or customer trend.
- An internal change 内部变化 begins inside it: a new manager, altered budget, staff turnover, or a change in the product.
- The useful question is not “is change good?” but “which group is affected, and what decision follows?”
The market does not ask whether Tuesday is a convenient day for a firm to change.
变化会影响每一家企业
- external change(外部变化)从企业外开始:新法律、汇率、竞争者、技术或顾客趋势。
- internal change(内部变化)在企业内开始:新经理、调整的预算、员工流失或产品改变。
- 有用的问题不是“变化好不好”,而是“谁受到影响,接下来要作什么决定?”
市场要变，可不会先问企业周二方不方便。
Which is an internal change? · 哪一项是内部变化?
The manager belongs to the business; the other events begin outside it. · 经理属于企业;其余事件从企业外部开始。
The outside environment
- A higher interest rate can make loans more expensive. A firm may delay expansion because borrowing now costs more.
- A new competitor can lower prices or offer a better service. The firm must improve value, not simply complain.
- Legislation 法律法规 can protect customers or workers, but it can also add training, paperwork, and operating costs.
外部环境
- 利率上升会使贷款更昂贵。企业可能推迟扩张,因为现在借款成本更高。
- 新竞争者可能降价或提供更好的服务。企业必须提高价值,而不只是抱怨。
- legislation(法律法规)可以保护顾客或员工,但也可能增加培训、文书和运营成本。
Match the outside change to a likely business effect. · 把外部变化与可能的企业影响配对。
A good answer explains the link; it does not merely name two business words. · 好答案会解释联系,而不只是说出两个商业词。
Changes made inside
- A budget 预算 turns a plan into limits on spending. Cutting it may save cash today but can reduce marketing or training tomorrow.
- Innovation 创新 is a useful new product, process, or way of working. It matters only if it solves a real problem for the business or its customers.
- Staff are an internal resource. Losing an experienced worker can slow production even when demand is strong.
企业内部作出的改变
- budget(预算)把计划变成支出限制。削减它今天可能节省现金,却会减少明天的营销或培训。
- innovation(创新)是有用的新产品、新流程或新工作方式。它只有解决企业或顾客的真实问题才有意义。
- 员工是一种内部资源。失去有经验的员工,即使需求很强,也会使生产放慢。
Any new idea is automatically useful innovation. · 任何新想法都会自动成为有用的创新。
Innovation must solve a real problem for the firm or its customers. · 创新必须解决企业或顾客的真实问题。
A phone-repair shop sees a new competitor open nearby. This is external: the competitor did not come from the shop. The owner responds internally by offering same-day repair and training staff to explain repairs clearly.
One event can therefore cause several internal decisions. A strong answer traces that chain rather than naming one word from a list.
**一家手机维修店发现附近开了新竞争者。**这是外部事件:竞争者不是由这家店产生的。店主在内部作出回应,提供当天维修服务,并培训员工清楚解释维修内容。
一个事件可以因此带来多个内部决定。强答案会追踪这条链,而不是只从清单中说出一个词。
Put this response chain in order. · 把这条回应链按顺序排列。
Start with the external cause, then explain its cost, then the business decision. · 先说外部原因,再解释成本,最后说企业决定。
Write one English sentence using cause, effect, and response for a new competitor. · 针对新竞争者,用英语写一句包含原因、影响和回应的话。
Example: “A new competitor may take customers, so the shop trains staff to offer faster, clearer service.” · 例如:“A new competitor may take customers, so the shop trains staff to offer faster, clearer service.”
Cause → effect → response is a dependable paragraph shape. “Interest rates rise, so loan repayments increase; the firm postpones its new branch” explains more than “interest rates are bad”.
原因→影响→回应是一种可靠的段落结构。“利率上升,所以贷款还款增加;企业推迟开设新分店”比“利率不好”解释得更多。
Do not call every problem external. Poor stock records, weak communication, and an unrealistic budget are internal because the business can change them directly.
不要把所有问题都叫作外部问题。糟糕的库存记录、沟通不佳和不现实的预算都是内部问题,因为企业可以直接改变它们。