Planning · 计划
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| business objective/ˈbɪznəs ɒbˈdʒektɪv/ | 商业目标 | shāng yè mù biāo |
| strategy/ˈstrætədʒi/ | 战略 | zhàn lüè |
| action plan/ˈækʃn plæn/ | 行动计划 | xíng dòng jì huà |
| cash-flow forecast/kæʃ fləʊ ˈfɔːkæst/ | 现金流预测 | xiàn jīn liú yù cè |
A plan makes a choice visible
- A business objective 商业目标 is a result a firm intends to achieve, such as survival, profit, growth, or better customer service.
- A useful objective is specific enough to guide a decision and measurable enough to review later.
- “Become better” is a wish. “Reduce customer waiting time from ten to six minutes by June” is a plan.
“Become better” is hard to put on a chart without a very optimistic pen.
计划让选择看得见
- business objective(商业目标)是企业想达到的结果,例如生存、利润、增长或更好的顾客服务。
- 有用的目标要足够具体,能指引决定;也要能测量,以后可以复查。
- “变得更好”只是愿望。“到六月前把顾客等待时间从十分钟降至六分钟”才是计划。
「变得更好」要画进图表，得有一支格外乐观的笔。
Which is a measurable objective? · 哪一项是可测量的目标?
It has a measure and a deadline, so the firm can review it. · 它有衡量方法和截止日期,因此企业可以复查。
From target to action
- A strategy 战略 is the broad route to an objective; an action plan 行动计划 says who will do what, by when, and with which resources.
- A plan needs milestones. A missed milestone is information: change the action, resources, or deadline before the final target fails.
- Planning reduces uncertainty; it does not remove it. Customer demand and competitors can still change.
从目标到行动
- strategy(战略)是实现目标的大方向;action plan(行动计划)说明谁在何时用什么资源做什么。
- 计划需要里程碑。错过里程碑是一条信息:在最终目标失败前,调整行动、资源或截止日期。
- 计划减少不确定性,却不能消除它。顾客需求和竞争者仍会改变。
Match each planning level to its meaning. · 把每个计划层次与含义配对。
A plan becomes usable when the broad direction turns into owned actions. · 当大方向变成有人负责的行动时,计划才可用。
Check whether the plan works
- A cash-flow forecast 现金流预测 estimates money entering and leaving over time. It warns a business when it may not have enough cash to pay bills.
- Profit and cash are different. A firm can make a sale today but receive the customer's payment next month.
- Review means comparing the actual result with the target, explaining the difference, and deciding the next action.
检查计划是否有效
- cash-flow forecast(现金流预测)估计一段时间内流入和流出的资金。它提醒企业何时可能没有足够现金支付账单。
- 利润与现金不同。企业今天卖出商品,顾客可能下个月才付款。
- 复查是把实际结果与目标比较,解释差异,并决定下一步行动。
A profitable sale always means the firm has cash today. · 一次有利润的销售总意味着企业今天有现金。
Payment can arrive later, so profit and cash are not the same. · 付款可能晚些到账,所以利润与现金并不相同。
A café wants more morning customers. Its objective is to sell 30 breakfasts each weekday by the end of May. Its strategy is a faster takeaway service. The action plan gives one worker the task of preparing breakfast boxes by 7:30 and checks sales every Friday.
The number, date, owner, and review point make this usable. “Sell more breakfasts” does not.
**一家咖啡馆想增加早晨顾客。**它的目标是在五月底前每个工作日卖出 30 份早餐。战略是更快的外带服务。行动计划让一名员工在 7:30 前准备早餐盒,并每周五检查销售。
数字、日期、负责人和复查点让它可以执行。“多卖早餐”则不能。
Put the planning cycle in order. · 把计划循环按顺序排列。
Review comes after action, then informs the next plan. · 复查在行动之后,再为下一个计划提供信息。
Write one measurable objective for a café. · 为一家咖啡馆写一个可衡量的目标。
Example: “Increase weekday breakfast sales from 20 to 30 by the end of May.” · 例如:“Increase weekday breakfast sales from 20 to 30 by the end of May.”
Objective → strategy → action → review. Keep these levels separate. A social-media advert is an action, not the whole strategy.
**目标→战略→行动→复查。**把这几个层次分开。社交媒体广告是一项行动,不是完整战略。
Do not treat a cash-flow forecast as a promise. It is an estimate based on assumptions; late payments or an unexpected repair can change it quickly.
不要把现金流预测当成承诺。它是基于假设的估计;延迟付款或意外维修都可能很快改变它。