Conditionals — first and second · 条件句 — 第一与第二
If … , then …
- A conditional says "if this happens, then that happens".
- At B1 we focus on the first and second conditionals.
- They look similar but mean different things.
If it rains tomorrow, my umbrella will choose to stay at home.
如果…… ,就……
- 条件句 (conditional) 表示"如果这样,就那样"。
- B1 阶段重点是第一和第二条件句。
- 它们看着像,意思却不同。
如果明天下雨，我的伞大概又会选择待在家里。
First conditional — real future
If + present simple, will + base verb.- For a real, possible future.
- If it rains, we will stay home. If you hurry, you'll catch the bus.
第一条件句 —— 真实的将来
If + 一般现在时, will + 动词原形。- 用于真实、可能的将来。
- 如果If （天气it）it 下雨rains 我们, we 将will 留stay 家home.(如果下雨,我们就待在家。)
Complete the first conditional: If it rains, we ___ at home. · 补全第一条件句:If it rains, we ___ at home。
First conditional: If + present, will + base verb → “will stay”. · 第一条件句:If + 一般现在时, will + 动词原形 → will stay。
Is this correct? “If it will rain, we will stay home.” · 这句对吗? “If it will rain, we will stay home.”
The if-clause uses the present, not will: “If it rains, we will stay home.” · if 从句用一般现在时,不用 will:If it rains, we will stay home。
Translate into English: 如果下雨,我们就待在家里。 · 翻译成英语:如果下雨,我们就待在家里。
First conditional: If + present, will + base verb. · 第一条件句:If + 一般现在时, will + 动词原形。
Second conditional — unreal / unlikely
If + past simple, would + base verb.- For something imaginary or unlikely now.
- If I had more time, I would travel. If I were you, I'd rest.
第二条件句 —— 不真实 / 不太可能
If + 一般过去时, would + 动词原形。- 用于现在想象的或不太可能的事。
- 如果If 我I 有had 时间time 我, I 会would 旅行travel.(如果我有时间,就会去旅行。)
First or second conditional? · 第一还是第二条件句?
First = real future (present + will); second = unreal now (past + would). · 第一 = 真实将来(现在时 + will);第二 = 现在不真实(过去时 + would)。
Second conditional: If I ___ you, I would rest. (use the past of “be”) · 第二条件句:If I ___ you, I would rest。(用 be 的过去式)
Second conditional often uses “were” for all subjects: “If I were you …”. · 第二条件句里常用 were(所有人称):If I were you …。
unless
- unless = if … not.
- You'll be late unless you hurry. (= if you don't hurry)
- Don't add another "not" after unless.
unless
- unless = if … not(除非 / 如果不)。
- You'll be late unless you hurry.(你不快点就会迟到。)
- unless 后面不再加 not。
Common mistakes
- ❌ If I will have time, I'll help. → ✓ If I have time, I'll help.
- ❌ If I would be rich, I would travel. → ✓ If I were rich… — would stays in the main clause.
- Keep the pair together: real → If + present, will; unreal → If + past, would.
常见错误
- ❌ If I will have time, I'll help. → ✓ If I have time, I'll help。—— if 从句用一般现在时。
- ❌ If I would be rich, I would travel. → ✓ If I were rich…—— would 只出现在主句。
- 前后要配套:真实 → If + 现在, will;不真实 → If + 过去, would。
Match each if-clause to its main clause. · 把 if 从句和对应的主句配对。
First conditional → will; second → would; zero (facts) → present + present. · 第一条件句配 will;第二条件句配 would;零条件句(事实)两边都用现在时。
Which sentence is correct? · 哪个句子是正确的?
Unreal present: If + past simple, would + base. · 现在不真实:If + 一般过去时, would + 原形。
- First conditional (real): If + present, will + base verb.
- Second conditional (unreal): If + past, would + base verb.
- The if-clause never uses will; unless = if … not.
- 第一条件句(真实):If + 一般现在时, will + 动词原形。
- 第二条件句(不真实):If + 一般过去时, would + 动词原形。
- if 从句不用 will;unless = if … not。
Imagine an unreal situation. Write one sentence with the second conditional (If + past, would + base verb). · 想象一个不真实的情况。用第二条件句写一句话(If + 一般过去时, would + 动词原形)。
Example: “If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.” · 例如:If I won the lottery, I would travel the world。