Technology After 1900 · 1900 年后的技术
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| The Green Revolution/ðə ɡriːn ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ | 绿色革命 | lǜ sè gé mìng |
Distance became a smaller problem
- New modes of communication — including radio communication, cellular communication and the internet — as well as transportation, including air travel and shipping containers, reduced the problem of geographic distance.
- The CED's phrase is reduced the problem, not abolished it — distance still costs money and time.
- Shipping containers are the item students overlook: a standard box that moves between ship, rail and truck without unpacking.
距离变成了一个更小的问题
- 新的通讯方式——包括无线电通讯、移动通讯与互联网——以及交通方式,包括航空旅行与集装箱运输,减少了地理距离这一难题。
- CED 的措辞是减少了这一难题,而不是消除了它——距离仍然要花钱、花时间。
- 集装箱是学生会忽略的一项:一个标准箱体,在船、铁路与卡车之间转运而无需开箱。
Select all · 所有 the technologies the CED says reduced the problem of distance. · 选择 所有 CED 称能减少距离问题的技术。
Antibiotics belong to the medical bullet. · 抗生素属于医疗要点。
Energy raised what could be made
- Energy technologies, including the use of petroleum and nuclear power, raised productivity and increased the production of material goods.
- This is unit 5's fossil-fuel revolution continued, with a new source added.
- So the twentieth century's abundance rests on the same mechanism as the nineteenth's: more energy per person.
能源提高了可造之物
- 能源技术,包括石油与核能的使用,提高了生产率并增加了物质产品的产出。
- 这是第五单元化石燃料革命的延续,只是增添了一种新的来源。
- 因此二十世纪的丰裕,与十九世纪依靠的是同一种机制:人均更多的能量。
The CED says these technologies... · CED 称这些技术……
Shipping still takes weeks; bandwidth and air freight cost money. · 航运仍需数周；带宽和空运成本高昂。
Food kept up with population
- The Green Revolution 绿色革命 and commercial agriculture increased productivity and sustained the earth's growing population as it spread chemically and genetically modified forms of agriculture.
- The CED puts the achievement and the method in one sentence: a growing population was fed, and it was fed by chemical and genetic modification.
- Both halves are examinable, and neither is a judgement.
粮食跟上了人口
- 绿色革命(Green Revolution)与商业化农业提高了生产率,在化学与基因改造的农业形式随之扩散的过程中,养活了地球不断增长的人口。
- CED 把成就与方法写进同一句话:不断增长的人口被养活了,而养活它的是化学与基因的改造。
- 两半都可能被考到,而两者都不是价值判断。
Which effect does this technology have? · 这项技术产生了什么影响？
Sort each technology by the effect the CED names. · 根据 CED 指明的影响对每项技术进行分类。
The ____ Revolution and commercial agriculture sustained the earth's growing population. · ____革命与商业化农业支撑了地球不断增长的人口。
It spread chemically and genetically modified forms of agriculture. · 它传播了化学农业和转基因农业形式。
The CED says technology reduced the problem of geographic distance, not that it removed it. Shipping still takes weeks, and bandwidth and air freight cost money — so an answer claiming distance stopped mattering states more than the CED does.
**CED 说技术减少了地理距离这一难题,而不是消除了它。**海运仍然要走数周,而带宽与空运都要花钱——因此声称距离不再重要的答案,说的比 CED 更多。
Select both · 两者 demographic effects the CED names. · 选择CED指出的两个人口统计影响。
Together they reshape a population's age structure. · 它们共同重塑了人口的年龄结构。
Medicine lengthened lives
- Medical innovations, including vaccines and antibiotics, increased the ability of humans to survive and live longer lives.
- More effective forms of birth control gave women greater control over fertility, transformed reproductive practices, and contributed to declining rates of fertility in much of the world.
- Longer lives and fewer births together reshape a population's age structure — which is the demographic fact behind much of unit 9.
医学延长了生命
- 医学创新,包括疫苗与抗生素,提高了人类存活与延长寿命的能力。
- 更有效的避孕方式使女性对生育有了更大的掌控,改变了生育实践,并促成了世界许多地方生育率的下降。
- 更长的寿命与更少的生育合在一起,重塑了人口的年龄结构——而这正是第九单元许多内容背后的人口事实。
Match each technology to the effect the CED names. · 将每项技术与CED指出的影响相匹配。
Naming the effect rather than the device turns a list into an answer. · 命名影响而非设备，可将列表转化为答案。
Five technologies, five effects
- Communication and transport → distance. Energy → productivity. Agriculture → population sustained.
- Medicine → longevity. Birth control → fertility and reproductive practice.
- Naming the effect rather than the device is what turns a list into an answer.
五项技术,五种效果
- 通讯与交通 → 距离。能源 → 生产率。农业 → 人口得以维持。
- 医学 → 寿命。避孕 → 生育率与生育实践。
- 点出效果而不是器物,正是把清单变成答案的那一步。
A shipping container is a box of agreed dimensions with corner fittings. It is not an invention about the sea; it is an agreement that lets the same box move from a factory to a ship to a train without being opened. The technology is a standard, and the standard is what reduced the cost of distance.
集装箱是一只尺寸经过约定、带有角件的箱子。它不是一项关于海洋的发明;它是一项约定,使同一只箱子能够从工厂到船、再到火车而无需开箱。这项技术是一个标准,而正是这个标准降低了距离的成本。
Radio, cellular communication, the internet, air travel and shipping containers reduced the problem of geographic distance. Petroleum and nuclear power raised productivity. The Green Revolution and commercial agriculture sustained a growing population through chemical and genetic modification. Vaccines and antibiotics lengthened lives, and more effective birth control gave women greater control over fertility.
无线电、移动通讯、互联网、航空旅行与集装箱减少了地理距离这一难题。 石油与核能提高了生产率。 绿色革命与商业化农业通过化学与基因改造养活了不断增长的人口。 疫苗与抗生素延长了寿命,而更有效的避孕方式使女性对生育有了更大的掌控。