The Cold War · 冷战
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| The global balance of economic and political power shifted during and after World War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold War | 冷战 | lěng zhàn |
| The democracy of the United States and the authoritarian communist Soviet Union emerged as superpowers | 超级大国 | chāo jí dà guó |
| Groups and individuals, including the Non-Aligned Movement | 不结盟运动 | bù jié méng yùn dòng |
Two superpowers, two systems
- The global balance of economic and political power shifted during and after World War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold War 冷战.
- The democracy of the United States and the authoritarian communist Soviet Union emerged as superpowers 超级大国.
- Which led to ideological conflict and a power struggle between capitalism and communism across the globe.
两个超级大国,两种体制
- 全球经济与政治的力量平衡在第二次世界大战期间及之后发生移动,并迅速演变为冷战(Cold War)。
- 美国的民主制与苏联的威权共产主义体制成为超级大国(superpowers)。
- 这导致了全球范围内的意识形态冲突,以及资本主义与共产主义之间的权力斗争。
The CED describes the two superpowers as... · CED 把两个超级大国描述为……
The CED's wording is precise and worth reproducing. · CED 的措辞很精确,值得照实复述。
A struggle that was everywhere
- The CED writes across the globe, and it means it: the conflict shaped decisions in states that had no part in its origins.
- A newly independent state choosing an economic model was choosing a patron whether it wanted one or not.
- That is why decolonisation and the Cold War cannot be told separately.
一场无处不在的斗争
- CED 写的是全球范围内,而它确实是这个意思:这场冲突塑造了那些与其起源毫无关系之国家的决定。
- 一个新独立的国家在选择经济模式时,无论愿不愿意,都在选择一个庇护者。
- 这正是去殖民化与冷战无法分开讲述的原因。
Select all · 所有 the Non-Aligned Movement figures the CED names. · 选出 CED 点名的所有不结盟运动人物。
The other two are World War II leaders from 7.7. · 另外两位是 7.7 中的二战领导人。
A third position
- Groups and individuals, including the Non-Aligned Movement 不结盟运动, opposed and promoted alternatives to the existing economic, political and social orders.
- The CED names Sukarno in Indonesia and Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana.
- Non-alignment is not neutrality by default — it is an active project of refusing to be a client of either superpower.
第三种立场
- 不结盟运动(Non-Aligned Movement)在内的团体与个人,反对既有的经济、政治与社会秩序,并倡导其替代方案。
- CED 点名了印度尼西亚的苏加诺与加纳的克瓦米·恩克鲁玛。
- 不结盟并不是默认的中立——它是一项拒绝成为任何一个超级大国之附庸的主动方案。
Watch a rivalry take a shape · 看一场对抗如何成形
The Cold War is a competition that never becomes a direct war, so what it built instead is the content. · 冷战是一场从未演变为直接战争的竞争,因此它转而建立起来的东西才是内容。
Non-alignment was simply an absence of a position. · 不结盟只是没有立场。
The CED lists it among groups that opposed and promoted alternatives. · CED 把它列在反对既有秩序并倡导替代方案的团体之中。
Non-alignment was an active position, not an absence of one. The CED lists the Non-Aligned Movement among groups that opposed and promoted alternatives to the existing orders — refusing both patrons required organisation, diplomacy and a development plan of its own.
不结盟是一种主动的立场,不是立场的缺席。CED 把不结盟运动列在反对既有秩序并倡导其替代方案的团体之中——同时拒绝两个庇护者,需要组织、外交,以及一套自己的发展方案。
An answer should say what each side was ____, not only what it opposed. · 答案应当说出双方各自 ____ 了什么,而不只是各自反对什么。
Each side offered a development model as well as a security guarantee. · 双方各自提供的既是一种安全保障,也是一套发展模式。
Ideological conflict has content
- The struggle was between capitalism and communism, and each side offered a model of development as well as a security guarantee.
- For a state deciding how to industrialise, that made the choice practical rather than merely doctrinal.
- So an answer should say what each side was offering, not only what each side opposed.
意识形态冲突是有内容的
- 这场斗争是资本主义与共产主义之间的,而双方各自提供的既是一种安全保障,也是一套发展模式。
- 对一个正在决定如何实现工业化的国家来说,这使选择成为一件实际的事,而不只是教义之争。
- 因此答案应当说出双方各自提供了什么,而不只是各自反对什么。
The CED's phrase "across the globe" means the conflict... · CED 的措辞"全球范围内"意味着这场冲突……
Which is why decolonisation and the Cold War cannot be told separately. · 这正是去殖民化与冷战无法分开讲述的原因。
Causes and effects of an ideological struggle
- Causes: a shifted balance of power leaving two states far stronger than the rest, and two incompatible models of how a society should be organised.
- Effects: alliances, proxy wars, nuclear proliferation (8.3), and pressure on every new state to choose (8.5, 8.6).
- The Non-Aligned Movement is the clearest evidence that the pressure to choose was real.
一场意识形态斗争的成因与结果
- 成因:力量平衡的移动使两个国家远强于其余,以及两套关于社会应如何组织的互不相容的模式。
- 结果:联盟、代理人战争、核扩散(8.3),以及对每一个新国家作出选择的压力(8.5、8.6)。
- 不结盟运动正是"这种选择压力真实存在"的最清楚证据。
A state that has just become independent needs capital, machinery and an army. Both superpowers will supply all three, on terms. Non-alignment means trying to obtain them without accepting either set of terms — which is harder than joining a bloc, and is why it needed a movement rather than a policy.
一个刚刚独立的国家需要资本、机器与军队。两个超级大国都愿意提供这三样,但都附带条件。不结盟意味着设法获得它们,而不接受任何一方的条件——这比加入一个阵营更难,也正是它需要一场运动而不是一项政策的原因。
The global balance of power shifted during and after World War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold War, with the democracy of the United States and the authoritarian communist Soviet Union as superpowers, producing ideological conflict and a power struggle between capitalism and communism across the globe. The Non-Aligned Movement opposed and promoted alternatives — Sukarno in Indonesia, Nkrumah in Ghana.
全球力量平衡在二战期间及之后发生移动,并迅速演变为冷战,美国的民主制与苏联的威权共产主义体制成为超级大国,产生了全球范围内的意识形态冲突,以及资本主义与共产主义之间的权力斗争。不结盟运动反对既有秩序并倡导替代方案——印尼的苏加诺、加纳的恩克鲁玛。