Governments and Economic Crisis · 政府与经济危机
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Following World War I and the onset of the Great Depression | 大萧条 | dà xiāo tiáo |
| In the Soviet Union, the government controlled the national economy through the Five Year Plans | 五年计划 | wǔ nián jì huà |
The state moves into the economy
- Following World War I and the onset of the Great Depression 大萧条, governments began to take a more active role in economic life.
- The CED gives two triggers, in order: the war first, then the Depression.
- Total war had already shown that a state could direct production — the Depression made that capacity look necessary in peacetime.
国家进入经济领域
- 大萧条(Great Depression)开始之际,各国政府开始在经济生活中扮演更为积极的角色。
- CED 按顺序给出了两个触发因素:先是战争,然后是大萧条。
- 总体战已经证明国家能够指挥生产——而大萧条使这种能力在和平时期看来成为必要。
Select all · 所有 the government responses the CED names. · 选择CED提到的所有政府应对措施。
Soviet Five Year Plans complete the set; the CED's theme is a more active role. · 苏联五年计划完成了这一集合；CED的主题是更积极的角色。
Three different answers
- The CED's examples span very different systems: the New Deal, the fascist corporatist economy, and governments with strong popular support in Brazil and Mexico.
- So "a more active role" is a shared direction, not a shared politics.
- That is what makes this subtopic a comparison rather than a description.
三种不同的答案
- CED 的例子横跨截然不同的体制:新政、法西斯的社团主义经济,以及在巴西与墨西哥拥有强大民众支持的政府。
- 因此"更为积极的角色"是一个共同的方向,而不是一种共同的政治。
- 这正是本小节成为一次比较、而不是一段描述的原因。
Select both · 两者 halves of the CED's Soviet sentence. · 选择CED苏联句子的两个部分。
An answer giving only output figures has quoted half the sentence. · 仅给出产出数据的回答只引用了句子的一半。
The Soviet case
- In the Soviet Union, the government controlled the national economy through the Five Year Plans 五年计划, often implementing repressive policies, with negative repercussions for the population.
- The CED states both halves in one sentence: central control of the economy, and repression with consequences for people.
- An answer that gives only the industrial output figures has quoted half of the CED's own sentence.
苏联的情形
- 五年计划(Five Year Plans)控制国民经济,并常常实行压制性政策,给民众带来了负面后果。
- CED 在一句话里陈述了两半:对经济的中央控制,以及给人们带来后果的压制。
- 只给出工业产出数字的答案,只引用了 CED 自己那句话的一半。
What is the state's relationship to producers here? · 在此处国家与生产者之间的关系是什么？
Sort each response by who decides. · 根据决策者对每项回应进行排序。
The CED gives which two triggers, in order? · CED按顺序给出了哪两个触发因素？
Total war had already shown a state could direct production. · 总体战已经表明国家可以指导生产。
"A more active role" describes a direction, not a politics. The CED's examples include the New Deal, a fascist corporatist economy, popular governments in Brazil and Mexico, and Soviet Five Year Plans. An answer that treats state intervention as one policy has collapsed four different systems into one.
**"更为积极的角色"描述的是一个方向,不是一种政治。**CED 的例子包括新政、法西斯的社团主义经济、巴西与墨西哥拥有民众支持的政府,以及苏联的五年计划。把国家干预当作单一政策的答案,把四种不同体制压成了一个。
A useful comparison axis is whether the state directs private owners, ____ them, or bargains with organised groups. · 一个有用的比较维度是国家是否指导私有所有者，____它们，或与有组织的团体谈判。
Answering that for two cases is a complete comparison paragraph. · 针对两个案例回答这一点就构成了一段完整的比较段落。
Comparing the responses
- All four responses expand state capacity; they differ in who decides and what is protected.
- A useful axis: does the state direct private owners, replace them, or bargain with organised groups?
- Answering that question for two cases is a complete comparison paragraph.
比较这些回应
- 四种回应都在扩张国家能力;它们的区别在于由谁决定以及保护什么。
- 一条好用的轴:国家是指挥私人所有者、取代他们,还是与有组织的群体讨价还价?
- 对两个案例回答这个问题,就是一个完整的比较段落。
"A more active role" means the same policy in every country. · “更积极的角色”意味着每个国家的政策相同。
It is a shared direction, not a shared politics — the CED supplies four systems. · 这是一种共同的导向，而非共同的政治——CED提供了四种制度。
How governments responded
- The objective is how different governments responded to economic crisis after 1900 — different is doing real work.
- So the answer must include at least two systems, and must not treat one as the natural response.
- The CED deliberately supplies liberal, fascist, populist and communist examples in one bullet list.
政府如何回应
- 这一目标是不同政府在 1900 年后如何回应经济危机——"不同"这个词在切实起作用。
- 因此答案必须包含至少两种体制,而且不能把其中一种当作自然而然的回应。
- CED 有意在同一份要点清单中提供了自由主义、法西斯、民粹与共产主义的例子。
Four states face falling output and mass unemployment. One buys public works and regulates banks; one fuses firms and unions under party direction; one bargains with organised labour for support; one abolishes private ownership of industry and plans output centrally. Same problem, four systems — and the objective's word is different.
四个国家面对产出下滑与大规模失业。一个购买公共工程并监管银行;一个在党的指挥下把企业与工会捏合在一起;一个与有组织的劳工讨价还价以换取支持;一个废除工业的私人所有制,并对产出实行中央计划。同一个问题,四种体制——而这一目标用的词是"不同"。
After World War I and the onset of the Great Depression, governments took a more active role in economic life — the New Deal, the fascist corporatist economy, and popularly supported governments in Brazil and Mexico. In the Soviet Union the government controlled the economy through the Five Year Plans, often implementing repressive policies with negative repercussions for the population.
在第一次世界大战之后与大萧条开始之际,各国政府在经济生活中扮演了更为积极的角色——新政、法西斯的社团主义经济,以及巴西与墨西哥拥有民众支持的政府。在苏联,政府通过五年计划控制经济,并常常实行压制性政策,给民众带来负面后果。