Empires Between the Wars · 两次大战之间的帝国
Colonial holdings mostly held
- Between the two world wars, Western and Japanese imperial states predominantly maintained control over colonial holdings.
- Predominantly maintained is the CED's own verdict — this is a period of continuity in territorial terms.
- That matters because the great wave of decolonisation comes after 1945, in unit 8.
殖民地大体维持
- 在两次世界大战之间,西方与日本的帝国主义国家大体上维持了对殖民地的控制。
- "大体上维持"是 CED 自己的判断——就领土而言,这是一个延续的时期。
- 这一点很重要,因为大规模的去殖民化浪潮发生在 1945 年之后,属第八单元。
The CED's verdict on interwar colonial holdings is that imperial states... · CED关于一战后殖民地的裁决是，帝国国家……
The great wave of decolonisation comes after 1945, in unit 8. · 大规模去殖民化浪潮发生在1945年之后，即第8单元。
Some empires gained territory
- In some cases, they gained additional territories through conquest or treaty settlement.
- The CED's examples: the transfer of former German colonies to Great Britain and France under League of Nations mandates, and Manchukuo / the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
- One came from a treaty and one from conquest — the CED names both mechanisms in the same clause.
有些帝国获得了领土
- 在某些情况下,它们通过征服或条约安排获得了额外领土。
- CED 的例子:根据国际联盟委任统治制度,前德国殖民地转交英国与法国,以及满洲国/大东亚共荣圈。
- 一个来自条约,一个来自征服——CED 在同一个分句里点出了两种机制。
Select all · 所有 the territorial gains the CED names. · 选择CED提到的所有领土 gains（获得）。
One came by treaty and one by conquest; the independences come later. · 一个是条约获得的，一个是征服获得的；独立发生得更晚。
And faced organised resistance
- In other cases, they faced anti-imperial resistance.
- The CED names the Indian National Congress and West African resistance — strikes and congresses — to French rule.
- Note the forms: a political party and a labour movement, not only armed revolt. Organised civilian politics is the interwar pattern.
并且遭遇有组织的抵抗
- 在另一些情况下,它们遭遇了反帝抵抗。
- CED 点名了印度国民大会党,以及西非对法国统治的抵抗——罢工与代表大会。
- 注意其形式:一个政党与一场劳工运动,而不只是武装反抗。有组织的平民政治,正是两战之间的格局。
Continuity, gain, or resistance? · 延续、收益，还是抵抗？
Sort each interwar development in territorial terms. · 按领土变动对每一项一战后发展进行排序。
Select all · 所有 the forms of interwar anti-imperial resistance the CED names. · 选择CED提到的所有一战后反帝抵抗形式。
A political party and a labour movement — organised civilian politics is the pattern. · 一个政党和一个劳工运动——有组织的公民政治是模式。
Decolonisation is not an interwar story. The CED's verdict is that imperial states predominantly maintained control between the wars, and in some cases gained territory. The organisations that would end empire were forming, but the empires were not yet ending.
去殖民化不是两战之间的故事。CED 的判断是,帝国主义国家在两战之间大体上维持了控制,并在某些情况下获得了领土。终结帝国的那些组织正在形成,但帝国尚未终结。
The interwar movements are the political ____ that will lead decolonisation after 1945. · 一战后的运动是1945年后导致去殖民化的政治____。
The organisations existed before the moment arrived. · 这些组织在时机到来之前就已经存在。
Continuity and change together
- The objective is continuities and changes in territorial holdings from 1900 to the present.
- Continuity: most colonies stayed colonies through the interwar decades.
- Change: mandates redrew who held what, Japan expanded in East Asia, and organised anticolonial politics matured.
延续与变化同时存在
- 这一目标是1900 年至今领土版图的延续与变化。
- 延续:多数殖民地在两战之间的数十年里仍然是殖民地。
- 变化:委任统治重新划定了谁持有什么,日本在东亚扩张,而有组织的反殖民政治走向成熟。
A League of Nations mandate changed the category without changing the arrangement on the ground. · 国联托管地改变了类别，但未改变地上的实际安排。
Which is exactly what "continuity and change" asks you to notice. · 这正是“延续与变迁”要求你注意到的内容。
Where unit 8 comes from
- The interwar resistance movements are the organisations that will lead decolonisation after 1945.
- So this subtopic is the setup: the political vehicles existed before the moment arrived.
- An answer that connects a named interwar movement to a postwar outcome is doing the CED's own chronology.
第八单元从哪里来
- 两战之间的抵抗运动,正是 1945 年之后领导去殖民化的那些组织。
- 因此本小节是铺垫:在时机到来之前,政治载体已经存在。
- 把一个被点名的两战之间运动与战后结果连起来的答案,走的正是 CED 自己的年表。
Former German colonies pass to Britain and France under League mandates. On paper this is a new kind of trusteeship; on the ground it is a transfer of colonial administration between empires. The category changed and the arrangement did not — which is exactly what "continuity and change" is asking you to notice.
前德国殖民地根据国联委任统治制度转交英国与法国。在纸面上,这是一种新的托管形式;而在实地,它是殖民行政在帝国之间的一次移交。范畴变了,而安排没有变——这恰恰就是"延续与变化"要你注意到的。
Between the wars, Western and Japanese imperial states predominantly maintained control over colonial holdings, in some cases gaining territory through conquest or treaty settlement — League of Nations mandates, Manchukuo and the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere — and in others facing anti-imperial resistance — the Indian National Congress, West African strikes and congresses against French rule.
在两次世界大战之间,西方与日本的帝国主义国家大体上维持了对殖民地的控制,在某些情况下通过征服或条约安排获得领土——国际联盟委任统治、满洲国与大东亚共荣圈——在另一些情况下遭遇反帝抵抗——印度国民大会党,以及西非反抗法国统治的罢工与代表大会。