Trans-Saharan Trade · 跨撒哈拉贸易
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| camel saddle/ˈkæml ˈsædl/ | 骆驼鞍 | luò tuó ān |
| caravans/ˈkærəvænz/ | 商队 | shāng duì |
A sea of sand needs a ship
- The Sahara is crossable only with an animal that can go days without water and carry weight.
- The growth of interregional trade was encouraged by innovations in existing transportation technologies — here the camel saddle 骆驼鞍 and organised caravans 商队.
- The saddle is the small technical change that makes the large commercial one possible.
沙海也需要船
- 撒哈拉只有依靠一种能数日不饮水且能负重的动物才可穿越。
- 跨地区贸易的增长,得益于对既有运输技术的创新——此处是骆驼鞍(camel saddle)与有组织的商队(caravans)。
- 驼鞍是使那项巨大商业变革成为可能的那个小小的技术改变。
Select all · 所有 the transportation innovations the CED names here. · 选择CED在此处指出的所有交通创新。
The astrolabe is maritime; paper money is a commercial, not transport, innovation. · 星盘属于航海技术；纸币是商业而非交通创新。
The same causal sentence, a third route
- Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes, including the trans-Saharan trade network.
- The CED uses this sentence for the Silk Roads, the Indian Ocean and the Sahara.
- So the three networks are variations on one argument — which is exactly what subtopic 2.7 will ask you to compare.
同一个因果句,第三条路线
- 运输技术与商业惯例的改进,带来了贸易量的增加,并扩展了既有贸易路线的地理范围,其中包括跨撒哈拉贸易网络。
- CED 把这句话用在丝绸之路、印度洋与撒哈拉三处。
- 因此这三张网络是同一个论证的变奏——而这正是第 2.7 小节要你去比较的。
Mali's position mattered because it sat where... · 马里的位置很重要，因为它坐落于……
It taxed the meeting — the Srivijaya logic on land. · 它对交汇点征税——这是陆地上的 Srivijaya 逻辑。
Mali and the pull of an empire
- The expansion of empires — including Mali in West Africa — facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into the economies and trade networks.
- Mali sat where gold from the south met salt from the north, and taxed the meeting.
- It is the West African counterpart of the Mongol sentence in 2.2 — the same mechanism, a different empire.
马里与帝国的引力
- 帝国的扩张——包括西非的马里——促进了欧亚非的贸易与交流,因为新的人群被卷入这些经济与贸易网络。
- 马里坐落在南方的黄金与北方的盐相遇之处,并对这次相遇征税。
- 它是 2.2 中那句关于蒙古之陈述的西非对应版——同样的机制,不同的帝国。
Cause, effect, or the complementarity itself? · 原因、结果还是互补性本身？
Sort each item in the trans-Saharan network. · 对跨撒哈拉网络中的每个项目进行分类。
The CED uses the same causal sentence for the Silk Roads, the Indian Ocean and the Sahara. · CED对丝绸之路、印度洋和撒哈拉使用了相同的因果句。
The three networks are variations on one argument — which subtopic 2.7 asks you to compare. · 这三个网络是一个论点的变体——这正是子主题 2.7 要求你比较的内容。
The camel saddle is a cause, not a curiosity. The CED lists it as one of the innovations in existing transportation technologies that encouraged interregional trade — a small technical change that made a continental commercial change possible, exactly as the bill of exchange did on the Silk Roads.
驼鞍是原因,不是趣闻。CED 把它列为促成跨地区贸易的对既有运输技术的创新之一——一个使洲际商业变革成为可能的小小技术改变,与丝绸之路上的汇票如出一辙。
Trans-Saharan trade ran on a genuine ____: the south had gold and lacked salt. · 跨撒哈拉贸易建立在真实的____之上：南方有黄金但缺乏盐。
That is why the route persisted without needing a luxury fashion to sustain it. · 这就是为什么该路线得以维持，无需依赖奢侈品时尚来支撑它。
Gold going out, salt coming in
- Trans-Saharan trade ran on a genuine complementarity: the south had gold and lacked salt; the north had salt and wanted gold.
- That is why the route persisted for centuries without needing a luxury fashion to sustain it.
- It also pulled Islam southward with the merchants, which is why 2.5's cultural consequences include sub-Saharan Africa.
黄金出去,盐进来
- 跨撒哈拉贸易建立在一种真实的互补之上:南方有黄金而缺盐;北方有盐而想要黄金。
- 这正是这条路线能延续数百年、而无需某种奢侈品时尚来维系的原因。
- 它也随着商人把伊斯兰教带向南方,这就是 2.5 的文化后果中包含撒哈拉以南非洲的原因。
Select all · 所有 the effects of trans-Saharan trade growth. · 选择跨撒哈拉贸易增长带来的所有后果。
The saddle is a cause, not an effect. · 鞍座是原因，而非结果。
Causes and effects again
- Causes: the camel saddle, caravan organisation, commercial practices, and imperial expansion.
- Effects: greater volume, wider range, the drawing-in of new peoples, and the spread of Islam along the route.
- The objective names causes and effects, so an answer that gives only one side has answered half.
再一次:原因与结果
- 原因:驼鞍、商队组织、商业惯例,以及帝国扩张。
- 结果:更大的运量、更广的范围、新人群被卷入,以及伊斯兰教沿路传播。
- 这一目标点明的是原因与结果,因此只给出一边的答案只答了一半。
Gold from the forest zone and salt from the desert mines meet at Mali's markets. Mali taxes both directions and pays for an army with the proceeds, which protects the route, which brings more traffic. It is the Srivijaya logic on land — control the meeting place, not the goods.
来自森林地带的黄金与来自沙漠盐矿的盐,在马里的市场上相遇。马里对两个方向都征税,并用所得供养军队,军队保护路线,路线又带来更多商旅。这是室利佛逝的逻辑在陆上的版本——控制相遇之地,而不是控制货物。
Innovations in transportation technologies — the camel saddle and organised caravans — plus commercial practices increased the volume of trade and expanded the range of the trans-Saharan network. Mali's expansion facilitated trade and communication as new people were drawn into the networks. Gold and salt were genuinely complementary.
运输技术的创新——驼鞍与有组织的商队——加上商业惯例,增加了贸易量并扩展了跨撒哈拉网络的范围。**马里的扩张促进了贸易与交流,因为新的人群被卷入这些网络。**黄金与盐是真正互补的。