An Urban Majority · 城市多数派
A threshold crossed by 1920
- By 1920, a majority of the U.S. population lived in urban centres, which offered new economic opportunities for women, international migrants, and internal migrants.
- A dated threshold, and the CED names three groups the cities offered opportunity to.
- Women first in that list, which matches 6.10's clerical workforce and 7.12's wartime openings.
到 1920 年跨过的一道门槛
- 到 1920 年,美国大多数人口居住在城市中心,而城市为女性、国际移民与国内迁徙者提供了新的经济机会。
- 一道有年代的门槛,而 CED 点出了城市为之提供机会的三个群体。
- 女性排在那份清单的首位,这与 6.10 的文职劳动力以及 7.12 的战时机会相吻合。
Select all · 所有 three groups the CED says cities offered opportunity to. · 选择CED提到的城市提供机会给所有三个群体。
Women first in the CED's list. · 女性在CED列表中排在首位。
Quotas continued after the war
- After World War I, nativist campaigns against some ethnic groups led to the passage of quotas that restricted immigration, particularly from southern and eastern Europe, and increased barriers to Asian immigration.
- The CED repeats 7.6's sentence with after instead of during, which shows the policy outlived the emergency.
- So restriction was not a wartime measure that lapsed; it became the standing arrangement.
配额在战后延续
- 第一次世界大战之后,针对某些族群的本土主义运动促成了配额的通过,限制了尤其是来自南欧与东欧的移民,并提高了亚洲移民的门槛。
- CED 重复了 7.6 的句子,只是把期间换成了之后,这表明这项政策比那次紧急状态活得更久。
- 因此限制不是一项失效了的战时措施;它成了长期的安排。
The CED repeats the quota sentence with 'after' instead of 'during' to show... · CED用'after'代替'during'重复配额句，表明……
Restriction became the standing arrangement. · 限制成为常设安排。
Migration produced art
- Migration gave rise to new forms of art and literature that expressed ethnic and regional identities, such as the Harlem Renaissance movement.
- Gave rise to makes migration the cause of a cultural achievement, not merely its setting.
- And ethnic and regional identities connects directly to 7.7's mass media raising awareness of regional cultures.
迁徙产生了艺术
- 迁徙催生了表达族裔与地区身份的新艺术与文学形式,例如哈莱姆文艺复兴运动。
- 催生了使迁徙成为一项文化成就的成因,而不只是它的背景。
- 而族裔与地区身份与 7.7 中大众媒体提升对地区文化之意识直接相连。
An urban fact, a policy, or a cultural development? · 这是一个城市事实、一项政策还是文化发展？
Sort each element of the 1920s. · 对1920年代的各要素进行分类排序。
Select all · 所有 the subjects of 1920s controversy the CED names. · 选择CED命名的1920年代争议所有主题。
Not a single culture war — several different arguments. · 并非单一的文化战争——而是多种不同的争论。
"Gave rise to" makes migration the cause of a cultural achievement. The CED says migration gave rise to new forms of art and literature that expressed ethnic and regional identities, such as the Harlem Renaissance movement — not that such art merely happened to appear where migrants lived.
"催生了"使迁徙成为一项文化成就的成因。CED 说迁徙催生了表达族裔与地区身份的新艺术与文学形式,例如哈莱姆文艺复兴运动——而不是说这类艺术只是碰巧出现在移民所居之地。
The CED's named movement expressing ethnic and regional identities is the ____ Renaissance. · CED命名的表达族裔和地方身份的运动是____文艺复兴。
Migration gave rise to it. · 移民促成了它的兴起。
Five controversies of the 1920s
- In the 1920s, cultural and political controversies emerged as Americans debated gender roles, modernism, science, religion, and issues related to race and immigration.
- Five subjects, and they are not a single culture war — science and religion is a different argument from race and immigration.
- The decade is defined by argument rather than consensus, which is the accurate way to describe it.
1920 年代的五场论争
- 在 1920 年代,随着美国人就性别角色、现代主义、科学、宗教,以及与种族和移民相关的问题展开辩论,文化与政治上的论争浮现出来。
- 五个主题,而它们不是同一场文化战争——科学与宗教是一场与种族与移民不同的争论。
- 这个十年是由争论而不是共识所定义的,而这是描述它的准确方式。
The CED links 7.8's two objectives by saying culture is... · CED通过指出文化是……来连接7.8的两个目标
'Gave rise to' is the causal phrase. · 'Gave rise to'（促成）是因果短语。
Two objectives, one decade
- 7.8 carries migration patterns and developments in popular culture, and the CED links them itself.
- The link is that migration gave rise to new art expressing identity, so culture is downstream of movement.
- State that link once, then give one migration fact and one cultural development as its evidence.
两个目标,同一个十年
- 7.8 承载迁徙模式与流行文化的发展,而 CED 自己把它们连了起来。
- 这层联系在于迁徙催生了表达身份的新艺术,因此文化处在移动的下游。
- 把这层联系陈述一次,然后给出一项迁徙事实与一项文化发展作为它的证据。
Put a hundred thousand people from one region into a few city blocks and you have not only relocated them; you have created an audience, a market and a set of shared references that did not exist before. Art follows.
把十万个来自同一地区的人安置进几个街区,你所做的不只是把他们迁移了;你创造了一群受众、一个市场,以及一套此前并不存在的共享参照。艺术随之而来。
By 1920, a majority of the U.S. population lived in urban centres, which offered new economic opportunities for women, international migrants, and internal migrants. After World War I, nativist campaigns... led to the passage of quotas — restriction outlived the emergency. Migration gave rise to new forms of art and literature that expressed ethnic and regional identities, such as the Harlem Renaissance movement, and in the 1920s, cultural and political controversies emerged as Americans debated gender roles, modernism, science, religion, and issues related to race and immigration.
到 1920 年,美国大多数人口居住在城市中心,而城市为女性、国际移民与国内迁徙者提供了新的经济机会。 第一次世界大战之后,本土主义运动……促成了配额的通过——限制比那次紧急状态活得更久。迁徙催生了表达族裔与地区身份的新艺术与文学形式,例如哈莱姆文艺复兴运动,而在 1920 年代,随着美国人就性别角色、现代主义、科学、宗教,以及与种族和移民相关的问题展开辩论,文化与政治上的论争浮现出来。