Progressives, and Their Divisions · 进步主义者及其分歧
Journalists and reformers
- Some Progressive Era journalists attacked what they saw as political corruption, social injustice, and economic inequality, while reformers, often from the middle and upper classes and including many women, worked to effect social changes in cities and among immigrant populations.
- What they saw as is careful — the CED reports the journalists' diagnosis rather than confirming it.
- And the reformers are placed socially: middle and upper classes, including many women — 6.10's new middle class supplying the personnel.
记者与改革者
- 一些进步时代的记者抨击他们所认为的政治腐败、社会不公与经济不平等,而改革者——常常来自中上层阶级,其中包括许多女性——则致力于在城市中以及在移民人口中推动社会变革。
- 他们所认为的很谨慎——CED 报告的是这些记者的诊断,而不是对它的确认。
- 而改革者被安置在社会位置上:中上层阶级、包括许多女性——6.10 的新中产阶级提供了人手。
Select all · 所有 three national aims the CED names. · 选择CED列出的所有三个国家目标。
The third is why prohibition is a Progressive measure. · 第三项解释了为何禁酒令是一项进步措施。
Divided on four issues
- The Progressives were divided over many issues. Some supported Southern segregation, while others ignored its presence.
- Some advocated expanding popular participation in government, while others called for greater reliance on professional and technical experts.
- Progressives also disagreed about immigration restriction. So "Progressive" names a period and a temperament, not a programme.
在四个问题上分歧
- 进步派在许多问题上存在分歧。一些人支持南方的种族隔离,而另一些人对它的存在视而不见。
- 一些人主张扩大民众对政府的参与,而另一些人呼吁更多依靠专业与技术专家。
- **进步派在移民限制问题上也意见不一。**因此"进步派"命名的是一个时期与一种气质,而不是一套纲领。
Select all · 所有 the divisions the CED names among Progressives. · 选择CED列出的进步主义者之间的所有分歧。
So 'Progressive' is a period and a temperament, not a programme. · 因此“进步”是一个时期和一个心态，而不是一套纲领。
What they sought nationally
- On the national level, Progressives sought federal legislation that they believed would effectively regulate the economy, expand democracy, and generate moral reform.
- Three aims, and the third — moral reform — is what makes prohibition a Progressive measure.
- Progressive amendments to the Constitution dealt with issues such as prohibition and women's suffrage, which are exactly a moral aim and a democratic one.
他们在全国层面所追求的
- 在全国层面,进步派寻求他们认为能够有效规范经济、扩大民主并促成道德改革的联邦立法。
- 三个目标,而第三个——道德改革——正是禁酒成为一项进步派措施的原因。
- 进步派的宪法修正案涉及禁酒与女性选举权等议题,而这恰好是一个道德目标与一个民主目标。
A method, a division, or a national aim? · 一种方法、一种分歧还是一种国家目标？
Sort each element of Progressive reform. · 对进步改革的每个要素进行分类。
'What they saw as' shows the CED is... · “他们所看到的”表明CED是在...
A careful register, worth reproducing. · 一个谨慎的记录，值得重现。
"Progressive" names a period and a temperament, not a programme. The CED itself says they were divided over many issues — some supported Southern segregation, some ignored its presence, they split over participation versus expert administration, and they disagreed about immigration restriction.
"进步派"命名的是一个时期与一种气质,不是一套纲领。CED 自己就说他们在许多问题上存在分歧——一些人支持南方的种族隔离,一些人对它的存在视而不见,他们在参与对专家治理上分裂,并且在移民限制问题上意见不一。
Select both · 两者 halves of the preservationist-conservationist sentence. · 选择保存论者与保护论者句子中的两个部分。
Agreement on parks, disagreement on use. · 关于公园的一致意见，关于使用的分歧。
Preservationists and conservationists
- Preservationists and conservationists both supported the establishment of national parks while advocating different government responses to the overuse of natural resources.
- Both and different in one sentence: agreement on parks, disagreement on use.
- That is the same shape as the Progressive divisions above, which is why the CED attaches this objective to 7.4.
保存派与保育派
- 保存派与保育派都支持设立国家公园,但主张政府对自然资源过度使用作出不同的回应。
- 都与不同写在一句话里:在公园上一致,在使用上分歧。
- 这与上面进步派的分歧是同一种形状,这正是 CED 把这一目标附在 7.4 之下的原因。
6.10's new ____ class supplied the reformers' personnel. · 6.10的新____阶层提供了改革者的人员。
The CED places reformers in the middle and upper classes. · CED将改革者置于中上层阶级之中。
Comparing goals and effects
- The objective is to compare the goals and effects of the Progressive reform movement — comparison, so pick a basis.
- The best basis is the CED's own list of divisions: segregation, participation versus expertise, immigration.
- Effects: federal legislation, constitutional amendments, national parks — and a movement that could not agree on whom reform was for.
比较目标与效果
- 这一目标是比较进步派改革运动的目标与效果——是比较,因此要选一个基准。
- 最好的基准是 CED 自己那份分歧清单:种族隔离、参与对专长、移民。
- 效果:联邦立法、宪法修正案、国家公园——以及一场无法就改革为谁而做达成一致的运动。
Two reformers can both want cleaner government and mean opposite things: one wants more people voting on it, the other wants fewer people deciding it and more of them trained. Neither is being dishonest.
两位改革者可以都想要更清廉的政府,而所指的是相反的东西:一个想要更多人就此投票,另一个想要更少人来决定、并且他们更受过训练。两人都不是在弄虚作假。
Some Progressive Era journalists attacked what they saw as political corruption, social injustice, and economic inequality, while reformers, often from the middle and upper classes and including many women, worked to effect social changes in cities and among immigrant populations. The Progressives were divided over many issues — segregation, expanding popular participation versus reliance on professional and technical experts, and immigration restriction. Nationally they sought legislation to regulate the economy, expand democracy, and generate moral reform, with amendments... such as prohibition and women's suffrage; and preservationists and conservationists both supported... national parks while advocating different government responses to the overuse of natural resources.
一些进步时代的记者抨击他们所认为的政治腐败、社会不公与经济不平等,而改革者——常常来自中上层阶级,其中包括许多女性——则致力于在城市中以及在移民人口中推动社会变革。 进步派在许多问题上存在分歧——种族隔离、扩大民众参与对依靠专业与技术专家,以及移民限制。在全国层面他们寻求能够规范经济、扩大民主并促成道德改革的立法,其修正案……涉及禁酒与女性选举权;而保存派与保育派都支持……国家公园,但主张政府作出不同的回应。