Growth, Culture, Power · 增长、文化、权力
Three claims for a half-century
- Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system.
- Innovations in communications and technology contributed to the growth of mass culture, while significant changes occurred in internal and international migration patterns.
- Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation's proper role in the world.
半个世纪的三项主张
- 增长扩大了机会,而经济的不稳定导致了改革美国社会及其经济体系的新努力。
- 通讯与技术上的创新促成了大众文化的成长,与此同时国内与国际迁徙模式发生了重大变化。
- 对一系列全球冲突的参与,把美国推上了国际强权的地位,同时重新激起了国内关于这个国家在世界上应有角色的辩论。
Each of the three claims joins two things with... · 这三个主张中的每一个都将两件事与...连接起来。
Neither half cancels the other. · 两半并不互相抵消。
Each claim contains its own tension
- Growth against instability; mass culture against changing migration; international power against domestic debate.
- Every one of the three joins two things with while, and neither half cancels the other.
- So the unit's structure is three sustained arguments, not three developments in sequence.
每项主张都包含着自身的张力
- 增长对不稳定;大众文化对变动中的迁徙;国际强权对国内辩论。
- 这三项中的每一项都用与此同时连接两样东西,而任何一半都不取消另一半。
- 因此本单元的结构是三场持续的论争,而不是三项依次发生的发展。
'Renewing domestic debates' means the argument was... · “重燃国内辩论”意味着这场争论是...
3.10's Farewell Address and 4.4's Monroe Doctrine are earlier rounds. · 3.10的《告别演说》和4.4的《门罗主义》是更早的回合。
Mass culture is new here
- Innovations in communications and technology contributed to the growth of mass culture — radio and cinema, per 7.7.
- A shared culture delivered simultaneously to millions is a genuinely new kind of thing in this course.
- And 7.7 notes it produced greater awareness of regional cultures too, so it did not simply flatten difference.
大众文化在这里是新事物
- 通讯与技术上的创新促成了大众文化的成长——按 7.7 所说,是广播与电影。
- 一种被同时传送给数百万人的共享文化,在本课程中是一种真正新的事物。
- 而 7.7 指出它同时也产生了对地区文化更大的意识,因此它并没有简单地抹平差异。
Which of unit 7's threads? · 属于第7单元的哪个主线？
Sort each statement into its thread. · 将每个陈述归类到其所属线索。
Select all · 所有 three conditions of the context this lesson names. · 选择本课提到的语境下的所有三个条件。
Two make power possible; the third makes it contested. · 其中两个使权力成为可能；第三个使其受到争议。
Every one of the three claims joins two things with while, and neither half cancels the other. Growth and instability; mass culture and changing migration; international power and domestic debate — the unit is three sustained arguments, not three developments in sequence.
这三项主张中的每一项都用与此同时连接两样东西,而任何一半都不取消另一半。增长与不稳定;大众文化与变动中的迁徙;国际强权与国内辩论——本单元是三场持续的论争,不是三项依次发生的发展。
Mass culture is described as producing greater awareness of regional cultures too. · 大众文化被描述为也提高了人们对区域文化的认识。
So it did not simply flatten difference. · 因此它并没有简单地抹平差异。
Power renews an old argument
- Renewing domestic debates over the nation's proper role in the world — renewing, not starting.
- 3.10's Farewell Address warned against permanent foreign alliances; 4.4's Monroe Doctrine claimed a hemisphere.
- So each new commitment reopens a question the republic has had since its first decade.
强权重新激起一场旧争论
- 重新激起了国内关于这个国家在世界上应有角色的辩论——是重新激起,不是开启。
- 3.10 的告别演说曾警告永久性外国同盟;4.4 的门罗主义曾宣示了一个半球。
- 因此每一项新的承诺,都重新打开一个这个共和国自其头十年起就有的问题。
Capacity settles what is possible; it settles nothing about what is ____. · 能力决定了什么是可能的；但它对什么是____一无所定。
That gap is a permanent feature of the period. · 这一差距是该时期的永久特征。
Writing the context
- The objective is the context in which America grew into its role as a world power.
- Conditions: 6.6's industrial and financial capacity, 6.12's outward-looking policymakers, and a domestic tradition of non-involvement.
- The first two make power possible; the third makes it contested — and that is the context in one sentence.
书写语境
- 这一目标是美国成长为世界强权之角色的语境。
- 条件:6.6 的工业与金融能力、6.12 中向外张望的政策制定者,以及一种不介入的国内传统。
- 前两项使这种强权成为可能;第三项使它备受争议——而那就是用一句话说出的语境。
A country can acquire the capacity to act anywhere in the world and still not agree that it should. Capacity settles what is possible; it settles nothing about what is right, and that gap is a permanent feature of the period.
一个国家可以获得在世界任何地方行动的能力,却仍然无法就它是否应当这样做达成一致。能力决定了什么是可能的;它对什么是正当的毫无决定,而这道落差是这一时期的一个恒常特征。
Unit 7 opens three claims: growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system; innovations in communications and technology contributed to the growth of mass culture, while significant changes occurred in internal and international migration patterns; and participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation's proper role in the world.
第七单元开启三项主张:增长扩大了机会,而经济的不稳定导致了改革美国社会及其经济体系的新努力;通讯与技术上的创新促成了大众文化的成长,与此同时国内与国际迁徙模式发生了重大变化;以及对一系列全球冲突的参与,把美国推上了国际强权的地位,同时重新激起了国内关于这个国家在世界上应有角色的辩论。