Control, Ideals and Competition · 控制、理想与竞争
Three claims for the revolutionary era
- British attempts to assert tighter control over its North American colonies and the colonial resolve to pursue self-government led to a colonial independence movement and the Revolutionary War.
- The American Revolution's democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government.
- Migration within North America and competition over resources, boundaries, and trade intensified conflicts among peoples and nations.
革命年代的三项主张
- 英国试图对其北美殖民地施加更严格的控制,以及殖民地追求自治的决心,导致了一场殖民地独立运动与独立战争。
- 美国革命的民主与共和理想,激发了对不同政府形式的新实验。
- 北美内部的迁徙以及对资源、边界与贸易的竞争,加剧了各民族与各国之间的冲突。
Select both · 两者 causes the CED joins in its first claim. · 选择 CED 在第一项主张中结合的所有两个原因。
Joined by 'and' — the war is what the two produced together. · 由 'and' 连接——战争是两者共同作用的产物。
The first claim has two subjects
- British attempts and the colonial resolve are both named as causes, joined by and.
- So the war is not something Britain did to the colonies or the colonies did to Britain; it is what the two together produced.
- 2.1's exchanges that built both bonds and resistance are where that resolve came from.
第一项主张有两个主语
- 英国的试图与殖民地的决心都被列为成因,由以及连接。
- 因此这场战争不是英国对殖民地做的事,也不是殖民地对英国做的事;它是两者共同产生之物。
- 2.1 中那些既建立联系又建立抵抗的交流,正是这份决心的来源。
'New experiments with different forms of government' implies... · '用不同形式的政府进行的新实验' 暗示...
The Constitution is not the first thing tried. · 宪法并非首次尝试。
'Experiments' is the CED's word
- New experiments with different forms of government — plural, and provisional.
- 3.7's state constitutions and Articles of Confederation, and 3.9's Constitution, are three of those experiments.
- So the founding is described as a sequence of attempts, and the Constitution is not the first thing tried.
"实验"是 CED 的用词
- 对不同政府形式的新实验——是复数,而且是尝试性的。
- 3.7 的各州宪法与《邦联条例》,以及 3.9 的宪法,是其中三项实验。
- 因此建国被描述为一个尝试的序列,而宪法并不是最先被试过的东西。
Which of unit 3's threads? · 属于第 3 单元的哪条线索？
Sort each statement into its thread. · 将每个陈述归类到其所属线索。
The third claim covers conflicts among ____ and nations. · 第三项主张涵盖了______与国家之间的冲突。
Native nations, European empires and the new republic together. · 印第安国家、欧洲帝国和新共和国并存。
The first claim has two subjects joined by and. British attempts to assert tighter control and the colonial resolve to pursue self-government together led to the independence movement — so the war is what the two produced jointly, not something one side did to the other.
第一项主张有两个由以及连接的主语。 英国试图施加更严格的控制与殖民地追求自治的决心共同导致了这场独立运动——因此这场战争是两者共同产生之物,不是一方对另一方所做之事。
The objective asks about independence and a sense of national identity. · 目标涉及独立以及国家认同感。
Two different outcomes. · 两种不同的结果。
The third claim keeps the continent in view
- Migration... and competition over resources, boundaries, and trade intensified conflicts among peoples and nations.
- Peoples and nations covers native nations, European empires, and the new republic together.
- So the revolution is one event inside a continental competition that neither began nor ended with it.
第三项主张让整块大陆保持在视野中
- 迁徙……以及对资源、边界与贸易的竞争,加剧了各民族与各国之间的冲突。
- 各民族与各国同时涵盖了原住民各民族、欧洲各帝国与这个新共和国。
- 因此这场革命是一场大陆性竞争之中的一个事件,而那场竞争既不始于它,也不终于它。
The colonial resolve to pursue self-government came from... · 殖民地追求自治的决心源于...
The bond and the objection grew from the same soil. · 纽带与反对意见同根同源。
Writing the context
- The objective is the context in which America gained independence and developed a sense of national identity.
- Conditions: an empire trying to tighten control, colonies with self-governing habits, Enlightenment and religious ideas, and continental competition.
- Independence and identity are two different outcomes, and the objective asks about both.
书写语境
- 这一目标是美国获得独立并发展出民族认同感的语境。
- 条件:一个试图收紧控制的帝国、有自治习惯的殖民地、启蒙与宗教观念,以及大陆性的竞争。
- 独立与认同是两种不同的结果,而这一目标同时追问两者。
A government that has left a habit alone for a century and then decides to correct it will find the habit has become a right in the meantime. Neither party thinks it is changing anything; each thinks the other is.
一个把某种习惯放任了一个世纪、随后决定纠正它的政府,会发现这种习惯在此期间已经变成了一项权利。双方都不认为自己在改变什么;各自都认为是对方在改变。
Unit 3 opens three claims: British attempts to assert tighter control... and the colonial resolve to pursue self-government led to a colonial independence movement and the Revolutionary War; the American Revolution's democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government; and migration within North America and competition over resources, boundaries, and trade intensified conflicts among peoples and nations.
第三单元开启三项主张:英国试图施加更严格的控制……以及殖民地追求自治的决心,导致了一场殖民地独立运动与独立战争;美国革命的民主与共和理想激发了对不同政府形式的新实验;以及北美内部的迁徙以及对资源、边界与贸易的竞争,加剧了各民族与各国之间的冲突。