Consciousness and Sleep · 意识与睡眠
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Consciousness/ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/ | 意识 | yì shí |
| circadian rhythm/sɜːˈkeɪdɪən ˈrɪðəm/ | 昼夜节律 | zhòu yè jié lǜ |
| Jet lag/dʒet læɡ/ | 时差反应 | shí chà fǎn yìng |
| shift work/ʃɪft wɜːk/ | 轮班工作 | lún bān gōng zuò |
| stages of sleep/ˈsteɪdʒɪz ɒv sliːp/ | 睡眠阶段 | shuì mián jiē duàn |
| REM sleep/rem sliːp/ | 快速眼动睡眠 | kuài sù yǎn dòng shuì mián |
| Memory consolidation/ˈmeməri kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃn/ | 记忆巩固 | jì yì gǒng gù |
| restoration/ˌrestəˈreɪʃn/ | 恢复 | huī fù |
| activation-synthesis/ˌæktɪˈveɪʃn ˈsɪnθəsɪs/ | 激活—合成 | jī huó — hé chéng |
| consolidation theory/kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃn ˈθɪəri/ | 巩固理论 | gǒng gù lǐ lùn |
| sleep disorders/sliːp dɪˈsɔːdəz/ | 睡眠障碍 | shuì mián zhàng ài |
Awareness comes in degrees
- You are not simply awake or asleep — you can be alert, drowsy, absorbed, or barely aware.
- Consciousness 意识 is defined by these varying levels of awareness of thoughts, feelings and events.
- Sleep is the clearest case of awareness changing on a schedule.
觉察是有程度之分的
- 你并不是简单地"醒着"或"睡着"——你可以警觉、困倦、专注,或几乎无所觉察。
- 意识(consciousness)正是由这些对思想、感受与事件的不同觉察水平所界定。
- 睡眠是觉察按时间表变化的最清楚的例子。
A roughly 24-hour clock
- The sleep/wake cycle is a circadian rhythm 昼夜节律, about 24 hours long in humans.
- Jet lag 时差反应 and shift work 轮班工作 disrupt it, because the clock cannot move as fast as the schedule does.
- The effects show up as poor sleep, poor attention and low mood.
一个大约 24 小时的时钟
- 睡眠—觉醒周期是一种昼夜节律(circadian rhythm),在人类约为 24 小时。
- 时差反应(jet lag)与轮班工作(shift work)会扰乱它,因为这个时钟无法像作息表那样快速移动。
- 其后果表现为睡眠不佳、注意力下降与情绪低落。
The roughly 24-hour sleep/wake cycle is called a ____ rhythm. · 大约 24 小时的睡眠—觉醒周期称为 ____ 节律。
The circadian rhythm runs about 24 hours and is disrupted by jet lag and shift work. · 昼夜节律约为 24 小时,会被时差反应与轮班工作扰乱。
Stages, identified by their brain waves
- The stages of sleep 睡眠阶段 are identified by their specific EEG patterns.
- That is the operational definition: a stage is a pattern of electrical activity, not a feeling.
- REM sleep 快速眼动睡眠 has its own distinctive pattern and is when most vivid dreaming occurs.
以脑波识别的睡眠阶段
- 睡眠阶段(stages of sleep)以其特有的脑电图(EEG)模式来识别。
- 这就是它的操作性定义:一个阶段就是一种电活动模式,而不是一种感受。
- 快速眼动睡眠(REM sleep)有其独特模式,多数生动的梦境出现在这一阶段。
Ride one sleep cycle · 走完一个睡眠周期
Sleep is a repeating cycle, not a slide into ever-deeper sleep — and REM lengthens across the night. · 睡眠是一个不断重复的循环,而不是一路加深——而且 REM 在整夜中逐渐变长。
The stages of sleep are identified by... · 睡眠阶段是通过……来识别的
A stage is defined by a pattern of electrical activity, measured by EEG. · 阶段由脑电图所测得的电活动模式界定。
Do not describe a sleep stage by how deeply asleep someone feels. The CED defines the stages by their EEG patterns, and an answer that uses subjective depth instead of the measure has not used the course's definition.
不要用一个人感觉睡得多沉来描述睡眠阶段。CED 以脑电图模式界定各阶段,用主观深度代替这一测量的答案,并没有使用本课程的定义。
Select all · 所有 the theories the CED gives for why sleep occurs. · 选出 CED 就睡眠为何发生给出的所有理论。
Activation-synthesis explains dreams, not why sleep occurs; place theory is about pitch. · 激活—合成解释的是梦,而非睡眠为何发生;位置理论讲的是音高。
Match each theory to what it explains. · 把每个理论与它所解释的内容配对。
Two of these answer "why" and one answers "when" — keep the questions apart. · 其中两个回答"为何",一个回答"何时"——要把问题分开。
Why we sleep, and why we dream
- Memory consolidation 记忆巩固 and restoration 恢复 are the current theories of why sleep occurs.
- For dreams, the CED names activation-synthesis 激活—合成 theory and consolidation theory 巩固理论.
- Both dream theories treat dreaming as a by-product of what the sleeping brain is doing anyway.
我们为何睡眠,为何做梦
- 记忆巩固(memory consolidation)与恢复(restoration)是当前关于睡眠原因的理论。
- 关于梦,CED 点名了激活—合成理论(activation-synthesis)与巩固理论(consolidation theory)。
- 两种梦的理论都把做梦视为睡眠中大脑本就在做之事的副产品。
Sleep disruption is only a symptom of daytime problems, never a cause of them. · 睡眠被打断只是白天各种问题的症状,绝不是其原因。
Poor sleep causes problems with attention, mood, learning and physical health. · 睡眠不佳导致注意、情绪、学习与身体健康方面的问题。
When sleep goes wrong
- Many sleep disorders 睡眠障碍 interrupt healthy sleep, and their effects on waking behaviour vary.
- Sleep disruption affects attention, mood, learning and physical health.
- The examinable point is that poor sleep is a cause of daytime problems, not only a symptom of them.
睡眠出问题时
- 许多睡眠障碍(sleep disorders)会打断健康的睡眠,其对清醒行为的影响各不相同。
- 睡眠被打断会影响注意、情绪、学习与身体健康。
- 可考的要点是:睡眠不佳是白天各种问题的原因,而不只是它们的症状。
A nurse moves from day shifts to night shifts. Her circadian rhythm still runs on the old schedule, so she lies awake at 3 a.m. and is sleepy at 3 p.m. Nothing is wrong with her sleep system — the clock simply has not moved as fast as her timetable.
一位护士从白班转为夜班。她的昼夜节律仍按旧作息运行,于是凌晨三点清醒、下午三点困倦。她的睡眠系统并没有毛病——只是这个时钟没有像她的作息表那样快速移动。
Consciousness varies in level. The sleep/wake cycle is a circadian rhythm of about 24 hours, disrupted by jet lag and shift work. Stages of sleep are defined by EEG patterns; consolidation and restoration explain why we sleep; activation-synthesis and consolidation theory explain dreams.
意识在水平上有变化。睡眠—觉醒周期是约 24 小时的昼夜节律,会被时差反应与轮班工作扰乱。睡眠阶段由脑电图模式界定;巩固与恢复解释我们为何睡眠;激活—合成与巩固理论解释梦。