Long-Run Self-Adjustment · 长期自我调整
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| self-stabilizing/self ˈsteɪbɪlaɪzɪŋ/ | 自我稳定 | zì wǒ wěn dìng |
The economy heals itself — slowly
- What if the government does nothing about a gap?
- The AD-AS model says the economy will heal on its own, over the long run.
- The engine is the slow adjustment of the sticky wages and input prices that fixed SRAS.
- It just takes time — sometimes a painful amount of it.
经济自我修复——但很慢
- 如果政府对缺口什么都不做,会怎样?
- AD-AS 模型说,经济会自己在长期里痊愈。
- 引擎是把 SRAS 固定住的粘性工资和投入品价格的缓慢调整。
- 只是需要时间——有时是一段痛苦的时间。
Closing a recessionary gap
- Output is below potential, so unemployment is high.
- With many workers looking, they eventually accept lower nominal wages, and input costs fall.
- Lower costs shift SRAS rightward, along the fixed AD.
- Output rises back to potential and the price level falls — full employment returns on its own.
缩小衰退缺口
- 产出低于潜在,所以失业很高。
- 许多工人在找工作,他们最终接受更低的名义工资,投入成本下降。
- 更低的成本使 SRAS 右移,沿固定的 AD。
- 产出回升到潜在,价格水平下降——充分就业自己回来了。
The AD-AS model · 总需求—总供给模型
Left alone, an economy in a gap heals by shifting SRAS — wages fall in a slump, rise in a boom — until output returns to potential. · 放任不管,处于缺口中的经济通过移动 SRAS 痊愈——衰退时工资下降、繁荣时上升——直到产出回到潜在。
To close a recessionary gap on its own, the economy relies on: · 要靠自己缩小衰退缺口,经济依靠:
High unemployment eventually lowers wages, cutting costs and shifting SRAS right toward potential. · 高失业最终压低工资,降低成本,使 SRAS 右移回到潜在。
Closing an inflationary gap
- Output is above potential, so labour and materials are scarce.
- Workers win higher nominal wages, and input prices rise.
- Higher costs shift SRAS leftward; output falls back to potential while the price level rises further.
- Either way, self-adjustment moves SRAS, not AD, until the crossing returns to LRAS.
缩小通货膨胀缺口
- 产出高于潜在,所以劳动和材料稀缺。
- 工人争得更高的名义工资,投入品价格上升。
- 更高的成本使 SRAS 左移;产出回落到潜在,同时价格水平进一步上升。
- 无论哪种,自我调整移动的是 SRAS,而非 AD,直到交点回到 LRAS。
To close an inflationary gap on its own, nominal wages: · 要靠自己缩小通货膨胀缺口,名义工资:
Scarce labour wins higher wages, raising costs and shifting SRAS left back to potential. · 稀缺的劳动争得更高工资,抬高成本,使 SRAS 左移回到潜在。
Self-adjustment works by shifting the ______ curve, not AD, back onto LRAS. · 自我调整通过移动______曲线(而非 AD)回到 LRAS 上。
Wages and input prices move SRAS until the crossing lands on LRAS at potential. · 工资和投入品价格移动 SRAS,直到交点落在潜在处的 LRAS 上。
Long run vs short run
- Real output always returns to potential — in the long run the economy is self-stabilizing 自我稳定.
- The price level does not return to where it started: a recessionary gap ends at a lower price level, an inflationary gap at a higher one.
- So a shift in AD changes output only temporarily; its lasting effect is on the price level alone.
- This is why LRAS is vertical: in the long run, only prices move.
长期 vs 短期
- 实际产出总是回到潜在——长期里经济是自我稳定(self-stabilizing)的。
- 价格水平不回到起点:衰退缺口以更低的价格水平结束,通货膨胀缺口以更高的价格水平结束。
- 所以 AD 的移动只暂时改变产出;它持久的影响只在价格水平上。
- 这就是 LRAS 竖直的原因:长期里,只有价格移动。
In the long run, self-adjustment always returns real output to potential. · 在长期,自我调整总是使实际产出回到潜在。
Output is fixed by real resources in the long run, so it always heals back to potential. · 长期产出由真实资源决定,所以它总会回到潜在。
After a recessionary gap self-corrects, the price level ends up: · 衰退缺口自我修正后,价格水平最终:
Output returns to potential, but a recessionary gap self-corrects to a lower price level. · 产出回到潜在,但衰退缺口自我修正到更低的价格水平。
Because output always returns to potential, the economy is said to be self-stabilizing in the long run. · 因为产出总是回到潜在,经济在长期被称为自我稳定的。
A shift in AD changes output only temporarily; its lasting effect is on the price level. · AD 的移动只暂时改变产出;它持久的影响在价格水平上。
Left alone, the economy self-adjusts by shifting SRAS: a recessionary gap pulls wages down (SRAS right), an inflationary gap pushes wages up (SRAS left), until output returns to potential. Output always recovers; the price level ends lower (recession) or higher (boom) than before.
放任不管,经济通过移动 SRAS 来自我调整:衰退缺口把工资拉低(SRAS 右移),通货膨胀缺口把工资推高(SRAS 左移),直到产出回到潜在。产出总会恢复;价格水平最终比之前更低(衰退)或更高(繁荣)。