Supply · 供给
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| supply/səˈplaɪ/ | 供给 | gōng jǐ |
| law of supply/lɔː ɒv səˈplaɪ/ | 供给定律 | gōng jǐ dìng lǜ |
| quantity supplied/ˈkwɒntɪti səˈplaɪd/ | 供给量 | gōng jǐ liàng |
| costs/kɒsts/ | 成本 | chéng běn |
| subsidies/ˈsʌbsɪdiz/ | 补贴 | bǔ tiē |
The sellers' side of every market
- Buyers are only half of a market — someone has to make the goods.
- Sellers, like buyers, respond to price, but in the opposite direction.
- A higher price is an invitation to produce more.
- That is the idea of supply 供给.
每个市场的卖方
- 买家只是市场的一半——总得有人生产商品。
- 卖家和买家一样对价格做出反应,但方向相反。
- 更高的价格是多生产的邀请。
- 这就是供给(supply)的概念。
The law of supply
- Supply is the quantity producers are willing and able to sell at each price.
- The law of supply 供给定律: a higher price leads to a higher quantity supplied 供给量 — so the curve slopes up.
- A higher price makes producing more profitable, drawing out extra output.
供给定律
- 供给是生产者在每个价格下愿意且能够出售的数量。
- 供给定律(law of supply):价格越高,供给量(quantity supplied)越高——所以曲线向上倾斜。
- 更高的价格让生产更有利可图,引出额外的产出。
Supply and demand · 供给与需求
The supply curve slopes up — a higher price draws out more. Cheaper inputs or better technology shift the whole curve right. · 供给曲线向上倾斜——价格更高,供给更多。更便宜的投入或更好的技术使整条曲线右移。
The law of supply says a higher price leads to a: · 供给定律说,更高的价格导致:
A higher price makes producing more profitable, so quantity supplied rises. · 更高的价格让生产更有利可图,所以供给量上升。
Movement vs shift
- A change in the good's own price moves you along the curve — a change in quantity supplied.
- A change in a determinant shifts the whole curve.
Same trap as demand. Only the good's own price moves you along the supply curve. Costs, technology, and taxes shift it — draw the diagram carefully.
沿曲线移动 vs 曲线移位
- 商品自身价格的变化让你沿曲线移动——即供给量的变化。
- 决定因素的变化则移动整条曲线。
和需求一样的陷阱。只有商品自身价格让你沿供给曲线移动。成本、技术和税收会移动它——认真画图。
A fall in input costs causes a movement along the supply curve. · 投入成本下降引起沿供给曲线的移动。
Input costs are not the good's own price — cheaper inputs shift the whole curve right. · 投入成本不是商品自身价格——更便宜的投入使整条曲线右移。
What shifts supply
- Input costs 成本 — cheaper inputs shift supply right, dearer inputs left.
- Technology — better technology lowers cost, shifting supply right.
- The number of sellers, taxes, subsidies 补贴, and producer expectations all shift it too.
- A new tax on sellers shifts supply left; a subsidy shifts it right.
什么会移动供给
- 投入成本(costs)——投入更便宜使供给右移,更贵使左移。
- 技术——更好的技术降低成本,使供给右移。
- 卖家数量、税收、补贴(subsidies)和生产者预期也都会移动它。
- 对卖家的新税使供给左移;补贴使它右移。
Better production technology shifts the supply curve: · 更好的生产技术使供给曲线:
Better technology lowers cost, so firms supply more at every price. · 更好的技术降低成本,所以企业在每个价格下供给更多。
A government payment per unit to sellers is a , which shifts supply right. · 政府按每单位向卖家支付的款项叫做,它使供给右移。
A subsidy lowers sellers' costs, shifting supply to the right. · 补贴降低卖家成本,使供给右移。
A new per-unit tax on sellers shifts the supply curve: · 对卖家的新从量税使供给曲线:
A tax raises sellers' costs, so they supply less at every price — a leftward shift. · 税收提高卖家成本,所以他们在每个价格下供给更少——左移。
Select all · 所有 that shift the supply curve to the right · 精准的. · 选出所有使供给曲线右移的因素。
Cheaper inputs, technology and more sellers raise supply; a tax shifts it left. · 更便宜的投入、技术和更多卖家增加供给;税收使它左移。
Supply slopes up (the law of supply). The good's own price = a movement along; costs, technology, taxes, and subsidies = a shift. Cheaper inputs or better technology shift supply right; a new tax shifts it left.
供给向上倾斜(供给定律)。商品的自身价格 = 沿曲线移动;成本、技术、税收和补贴 = 移位。更便宜的投入或更好的技术使供给右移;新税使它左移。