Trade and the World Economy · 贸易与世界经济
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| comparative advantage/kəmˈpærətɪv ədˈvæntɪdʒ/ | 比较优势 | bǐ jiào yōu shì |
| trade blocs/treɪd blɒks/ | 贸易集团 | mào yì jí tuán |
| free trade/friː treɪd/ | 自由贸易 | zì yóu mào yì |
| global supply chain/ˈɡləʊbl səˈplaɪ tʃeɪn/ | 全球供应链 | quán qiú gōng yìng liàn |
Why countries trade
- Countries are linked by trade, which reshapes development.
- Comparative advantage 比较优势 means each country gains by specialising.
- It makes what it produces most efficiently and trades for the rest.
国家为何贸易
- 国家由贸易连接,贸易重塑发展。
- 比较优势(comparative advantage)意味着每个国家通过专业化而受益。
- 它生产自己最高效的东西,并通过贸易换取其余的。
The idea that a country gains by specialising in what it makes most efficiently is... · 一个国家通过专业化生产其最具效率的产品而获益的理念是...
Comparative advantage drives specialisation and trade. · 比较优势推动专业化和贸易。
Trade blocs and organisations
- Free trade 自由贸易 removes barriers so goods flow more easily.
- Trade blocs 贸易集团 (the EU, USMCA) group countries for easier trade.
- The WTO sets global trade rules between nations.
贸易集团与组织
- 自由贸易(free trade)消除壁垒,使货物更容易流动。
- 贸易集团(trade blocs,欧盟、美墨加协定)把国家组合起来以便于贸易。
- 世贸组织(WTO)制定国家间的全球贸易规则。
Trade concept? · 贸易概念？
Match each example to the trade concept it shows. · 将每个示例与其展示的贸易概念匹配。
Groups of countries like the EU or USMCA that lower trade barriers are trade . · 像欧盟或美墨加协定这样的国家集团降低了贸易壁垒，它们是贸易。
Trade blocs group countries for easier trade. · 贸易集团将国家组合以便更容易地进行贸易。
Select all · 所有 things that deepen global economic links. · 选择所有加深全球经济联系的事物。
Free trade, blocs, and supply chains deepen links; closing borders cuts them. · 自由贸易、集团和供应链加深联系；关闭边境切断它们。
Match each term to its meaning. · 将下列术语与其含义匹配。
Comparative advantage = specialise; bloc = group; supply chain = spread production. · 比较优势 = 专业化；集团 = 分组；供应链 = 分散生产。
Global supply chains
- Globalization spreads production across a global supply chain 全球供应链.
- A single product may be designed, made, and assembled in several countries.
- This deepens the links — and the dependencies — between economies.
全球供应链
- 全球化把生产分散到全球供应链(global supply chain)上。
- 单一产品可能在几个国家设计、制造和组装。
- 这加深了经济体之间的联系——以及依赖。
Free trade grows total output but does not necessarily share it evenly. · 自由贸易增加总产出，但不一定使其均等分配。
Trade creates winners and losers even as it grows the total pie. · 贸易创造了赢家和输家，即使它扩大了总蛋糕。
Free trade grows the total pie, but does not share it evenly. Comparative advantage raises overall output, yet specialisation can trap a poor country in low-value raw materials while rich countries keep the high-value stages. Trade creates winners and losers.
自由贸易做大总蛋糕,但不均匀分享。比较优势提高总产出,但专业化可能把贫穷国家困在低价值的原材料上,而富裕国家保留高价值的环节。贸易创造赢家和输家。
A smartphone is designed in one country, its chips made in another, and it is assembled in a third before selling worldwide — a global supply chain. Each country specialises by comparative advantage, but the high-value design work usually stays in the rich core.
一部智能手机在一个国家设计,芯片在另一个国家制造,在第三个国家组装,然后在全球销售——一条全球供应链。每个国家按比较优势专业化,但高价值的设计工作通常留在富裕的核心。
Comparative advantage means countries gain by specialising and trading. Free trade, trade blocs, and the WTO deepen these links, forming global supply chains. Trade grows total output but shares it unevenly, creating winners and losers.
比较优势意味着国家通过专业化和贸易而受益。自由贸易、贸易集团和世贸组织加深这些联系,形成全球供应链。贸易做大总产出,但不均分享,创造赢家和输家。