Agricultural Origins and Diffusions · 农业起源与扩散
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| agricultural hearths/ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl hɑːθs/ | 农业源地 | nóng yè yuán dì |
| First (Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution/fɜːst ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ | 新石器农业革命 | xīn shí qì nóng yè gé mìng |
| domestication/dəˌmestɪˈkeɪʃn/ | 驯化 | xùn huà |
| surplus/ˈsɜːpləs/ | 剩余 | shèng yú |
The first farmers
- Farming began in a few agricultural hearths 农业源地 around the world.
- The First (Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution 新石器农业革命 was the first domestication of plants and animals.
- It let people settle in one place instead of hunting and gathering.
最早的农民
- 农业始于世界上几个农业源地(agricultural hearths)。
- 新石器(第一次)农业革命(First Agricultural Revolution)是最早驯化植物和动物。
- 它让人们定居一处,而不再狩猎采集。
The first domestication of plants and animals is called the... · 植物和动物的首次驯化称为...
The First (Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution began farming. · 第一次（新石器时代）农业革命开始了农耕。
Domestication
- Domestication 驯化 is taming wild plants and animals for human use.
- Wheat, rice, and maize were domesticated in different hearths.
- Farming then spread by diffusion — migration, trade, and conquest.
驯化
- 驯化(domestication)是驯服野生植物和动物供人类使用。
- 小麦、水稻和玉米在不同的源地被驯化。
- 农业随后通过扩散传播——迁移、贸易和征服。
Hunter-gatherer or early farmer trait? · 狩猎采集者或早期农民的特征？
Sort each feature as belonging to hunter-gatherers or to the first farmers. · 将每个特征归类为属于狩猎采集者还是早期农民。
Agriculture arose independently in several different hearths around the world. · 农业在世界各地的多个不同发源地独立产生。
Wheat, rice, and maize were domesticated in separate hearths. · 小麦、水稻和玉米在各自独立的发源地被驯化。
Taming wild plants and animals for human use is called . · 驯化野生动植物以供人类使用称为。
Domestication was the core of the first agricultural revolution. · 驯化是第一次农业革命的核心。
Select all · 所有 crops matched to their hearths. · 选择所有与其发源地正确匹配的作物。
Wheat, rice, and maize came from real hearths; coffee did not come from the Moon. · 小麦、水稻和玉米来自真实发源地；咖啡并非来自月球。
Why it mattered
- Settling down allowed surplus food to be stored.
- Surplus freed some people from farming, enabling towns and specialists.
- So agriculture is the foundation of cities and civilisation.
为何重要
- 定居使剩余粮食得以储存。
- 剩余使一些人从农业中解放出来,催生了城镇和专门职业者。
- 所以农业是城市和文明的基础。
Order these developments from earliest to latest. · 将这些发展按从早到晚排序。
First people gathered, then domesticated, then settled, then built towns on surplus. · 最早的人类先采集，然后驯化，接着定居，最后基于剩余产品建立城镇。
There was not one single birthplace of farming. Agriculture arose independently in several hearths (Southwest Asia, East Asia, the Americas), each domesticating different crops. Do not describe it as spreading from one origin.
农业不是只有一个诞生地。它在几个源地独立出现(西南亚、东亚、美洲),各自驯化了不同的作物。不要把它描述为从单一起源传播。
Wheat was domesticated in Southwest Asia, rice in East Asia, and maize in the Americas — three separate agricultural hearths. Each crop then diffused outward with migrating and trading peoples.
小麦在西南亚被驯化,水稻在东亚,玉米在美洲——三个独立的农业源地。随后每种作物随迁移和贸易的人群向外扩散。
Farming began in several agricultural hearths during the First (Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution, through the domestication of plants and animals. It let people settle, store surplus, and build towns — the foundation of civilisation. It arose independently, not from one origin.
农业在新石器(第一次)农业革命期间始于几个农业源地,通过植物和动物的驯化。它让人定居、储存剩余、建立城镇——文明的基础。它是独立起源的,而非源自一处。