Introduction to Agriculture · 农业导论 (Introduction to Agriculture)
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| agriculture/ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/ | 农业 | nóng yè |
| intensive/ɪnˈtensɪv/ | 集约 | jí yuē |
| extensive/ekˈstensɪv/ | 粗放 | cū fàng |
| subsistence agriculture/sʌbˈsɪstəns ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/ | 自给农业 | zì jǐ nóng yè |
| commercial agriculture/kəˈmɜːʃl ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/ | 商业农业 | shāng yè nóng yè |
Growing food on purpose
- Agriculture 农业 is the deliberate growing of crops and raising of animals.
- The first big split is by purpose: subsistence vs commercial.
- The second is by intensity: intensive vs extensive.
有意识地种植粮食
- 农业(agriculture)是有意识地种植作物和饲养动物。
- 第一个大区分按目的:自给 vs 商业。
- 第二个按集约程度:集约 vs 粗放。
Subsistence vs commercial
- Subsistence agriculture 自给农业 feeds the farmer's own family.
- Commercial agriculture 商业农业 grows food to sell for profit.
- Subsistence is common in poorer regions; commercial in richer, mechanised ones.
自给 vs 商业
- 自给农业(subsistence agriculture)养活农民自己的家庭。
- 商业农业(commercial agriculture)种植粮食出售牟利。
- 自给农业在较贫穷地区常见;商业农业在较富裕、机械化的地区常见。
Farming that grows food to sell for profit is called... · 种植食物以出售获利的农业称为……
Commercial agriculture produces for sale, not just the family. · 商业农业 (Commercial agriculture) 生产是为了销售，而不仅仅是为了家庭。
Farming mainly to feed the farmer's own family is ____ agriculture. · 主要为了养活农民自己的家庭的农业是____农业。
Subsistence agriculture feeds the household, not the market. · 自给农业 (Subsistence agriculture) 供养家庭，而非市场。
Intensive vs extensive
- Intensive 集约 farming uses a lot of labour or money on a small area (rice paddies, market gardens).
- Extensive 粗放 farming uses little input over a large area (ranching, shifting cultivation).
- Land cost usually decides which is used.
集约 vs 粗放
- 集约(intensive)农业在小面积上投入大量劳动或资金(稻田、菜园)。
- 粗放(extensive)农业在大面积上投入很少(放牧、迁移农业)。
- 土地成本通常决定用哪种。
Intensive or extensive? · 集约型还是粗放型?
Sort each farm by its intensity. · 按集约程度对每个农场进行分类。
Intensive farming uses a lot of labour or money on a small area. · 集约农业在小面积上投入大量劳动力或资金。
Yes — rice paddies and market gardens are intensive. · 是的——水稻梯田和市场花园属于集约型。
Select all · 所有 examples of extensive farming. · 选择所有 粗放型 农业的例子。
Ranching, shifting cultivation, and nomadism are extensive; a market garden is intensive. · 养牛、轮耕和游牧属于粗放型；市场花园属于集约型。
Match each pair of terms. · 将每对术语匹配。
Subsistence = family; commercial = profit; intensive = high input. · 自给 = 家庭；商业 = 利润；集约 = 高投入。
"Subsistence vs commercial" (purpose) and "intensive vs extensive" (input per hectare) are two different scales. A farm can be commercial and intensive (a market garden) or commercial and extensive (a cattle ranch). Do not collapse the two.
“自给 vs 商业”(目的)和“集约 vs 粗放”(每公顷投入)是两个不同的维度。一个农场可以既是商业又集约(菜园),也可以既是商业又粗放(养牛场)。不要把两者混为一谈。
A flooded rice paddy worked by hand is subsistence and intensive (lots of labour, small plot). A vast cattle ranch is commercial and extensive (little input, huge area). Same two scales, different combinations.
手工耕作的稻田是自给且集约的(大量劳动、小块地)。广阔的养牛场是商业且粗放的(投入少、面积大)。同样两个维度,不同组合。
Agriculture is deliberate farming. Split it by purpose — subsistence (feed the family) vs commercial (sell for profit) — and by intensity — intensive (much input, small area) vs extensive (little input, large area). The two scales are independent.
农业是有意识的耕作。按目的区分——自给(养家)vs 商业(出售牟利)——和按集约程度——集约(投入多、面积小)vs 粗放(投入少、面积大)。两个维度相互独立。