Consequences of Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces · 离心力和向心力的后果 (Consequences of Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces)
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| centrifugal forces/ˌsentrɪˈfjuːɡl ˈfɔːsɪz/ | 离心力 | lí xīn lì |
| centripetal forces/senˈtrɪpɪtl ˈfɔːsɪz/ | 向心力 | xiàng xīn lì |
| failed states/feɪld steɪts/ | 失败国家 | shī bài guó jiā |
| ethnonationalism/ˌeθnəˈneɪʃənəlɪzəm/ | 族裔民族主义 | zú yì mín zú zhǔ yì |
Forces pulling two ways
- Every state feels two opposing forces.
- Centrifugal forces 离心力 pull a state apart.
- Centripetal forces 向心力 hold a state together.
两个方向的力
- 每个国家都感受到两种相反的力。
- 离心力(centrifugal forces)把国家拉散。
- 向心力(centripetal forces)把国家凝聚。
A force that pulls a state apart is a ____ force. · 将国家拆散的力量是____力量。
Centrifugal forces pull a state apart; centripetal forces hold it together. · 离心力 (Centrifugal) 将国家拆散；向心力将其凝聚在一起。
When forces pull apart
- Centrifugal forces include ethnic conflict, uneven development, and weak identity.
- Strong ones can lead to failed states 失败国家 and separatism.
- A failed state can no longer provide basic order or services.
当力把国家拉散
- 离心力包括族群冲突、发展不均和身份认同薄弱。
- 强烈的离心力可导致失败国家(failed states)和分离主义。
- 失败国家再也无法提供基本秩序或服务。
A failed state can no longer provide basic order and services. · 失败国家无法再提供基本秩序和服务。
A failed state has lost effective control over its territory. · 失败国家 (Failed state) 已丧失对其领土的有效控制。
When forces hold together
- Centripetal forces include a shared language, national symbols, and fair infrastructure.
- Ethnonationalism 族裔民族主义 ties identity to one ethnic group — a strong but risky glue.
- Governments actively build centripetal forces to stay unified.
当力把国家凝聚
- 向心力包括共同语言、国家象征和公平的基础设施。
- 族裔民族主义(ethnonationalism)把身份认同与一个族群相连——一种强大但有风险的粘合剂。
- 政府主动建设向心力以维持团结。
Centrifugal or centripetal? · 离心力还是向心力?
Sort each force as pulling the state apart (centrifugal) or together (centripetal). · 将每种力量归类为将国家拆散（离心力）还是凝聚在一起（向心力）。
Forces that hold a state together, like a shared language, are ____ forces. · 将国家凝聚在一起的力量，如共同语言，是____力量。
Centripetal forces build unity and national identity. · 向心力 (Centripetal) 建立团结和国家认同。
Select all · 所有 centripetal (unifying) forces. · 选择所有向心力（凝聚）力量。
Language, symbols, and fair infrastructure unite; ethnic conflict divides. · 语言、象征和公平基础设施起到凝聚作用；种族冲突导致分裂。
Match each force to its effect. · 将每种力量与其影响匹配。
Uneven development pulls apart; symbols hold together; failed state = collapse of order. · 发展不平衡导致分裂；象征起到凝聚作用；失败国家 = 秩序崩溃。
The same feature can be centrifugal or centripetal depending on context. Many languages can divide a state (centrifugal) — or a shared second language can unite it (centripetal). Judge each force by whether it pulls the state together or apart.
同一个特征可以是离心的,也可以是向心的,取决于情境。多种语言可以分裂国家(离心)——而一门共享的第二语言可以团结它(向心)。要按每个力是把国家凝聚还是拉散来判断。
A national football team, a common language, and fair investment in every region are centripetal — they build unity. Deep ethnic conflict, huge gaps between rich and poor regions, and a weak sense of nationhood are centrifugal — and can push a state toward becoming a failed state.
国家足球队、共同语言和对每个地区的公平投资是向心力——它们建立团结。深刻的族群冲突、贫富地区之间的巨大差距和薄弱的国家意识是离心力——并可能把国家推向成为失败国家。
Centrifugal forces (ethnic conflict, uneven development, weak identity) pull a state apart and can create failed states. Centripetal forces (shared language, symbols, fair infrastructure) hold it together. Governments build centripetal forces to stay unified.
离心力(族群冲突、发展不均、身份薄弱)把国家拉散,可造成失败国家。向心力(共同语言、象征、公平基础设施)把它凝聚。政府建设向心力以维持团结。