Diffusion of Religion and Language · 宗教与语言的扩散
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| ethnic religion/ˈeθnɪk rɪˈlɪdʒn/ | 民族宗教 | mín zú zōng jiào |
| universalizing religion/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəlaɪzɪŋ rɪˈlɪdʒn/ | 普世宗教 | pǔ shì zōng jiào |
| language families/ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˈfæmɪliz/ | 语系 | yǔ xì |
| dialects/ˈdaɪəlekts/ | 方言 | fāng yán |
| lingua franca/ˈlɪŋɡjuːə ˈfræŋkə/ | 通用语 | tōng yòng yǔ |
Two great diffusers
- Religions and languages are the clearest examples of cultural diffusion.
- Both spread through migration, trade, and conquest.
- Both can split, blend, or die out over time.
两大扩散者
- 宗教和语言是文化扩散最清晰的例子。
- 两者都通过迁移、贸易和征服传播。
- 两者都会随时间分裂、融合或消亡。
Universalizing vs ethnic religions
- A universalizing religion 普世宗教 seeks converts and spreads widely (Christianity, Islam, Buddhism).
- An ethnic religion 民族宗教 is tied to one group and spreads mainly by migration (Hinduism, Judaism).
- Universalizing religions use expansion and relocation diffusion.
普世宗教与民族宗教
- 普世宗教(universalizing religion)寻求皈依者并广泛传播(基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教)。
- 民族宗教(ethnic religion)与一个群体相连,主要通过迁移传播(印度教、犹太教)。
- 普世宗教既用扩展扩散也用迁移扩散。
Universalizing or ethnic religion? · 世界性宗教还是民族宗教？
Sort each feature as belonging to a universalizing or ethnic religion. · 将每个特征分类为世界宗教或民族宗教。
A religion that actively seeks converts and spreads across many cultures is... · 积极寻求信徒并在多种文化中传播的宗教是……
Universalizing religions seek converts everywhere. · 世界性宗教在每个地方都寻求信徒。
Ethnic religions usually spread mainly through the migration of their followers. · 民族宗教通常主要通过其追随者的迁移而传播。
Yes — ethnic religions are tied to one group and move with them. · 是的——民族宗教与特定群体联系在一起并随其迁移。
Select all · 所有 universalizing religions. · 选择所有世界性宗教。
Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism seek converts; Judaism is an ethnic religion. · 基督教、伊斯兰教和佛教寻求信徒；犹太教是民族宗教。
Language families and change
- Languages belong to language families 语系 that share a common ancestor.
- They spread with migration and trade, and can split into dialects 方言.
- A lingua franca 通用语 is a shared language used between different groups (like English online).
语系与变化
- 语言属于共享共同祖先的语系(language families)。
- 它们随迁移和贸易传播,并可分裂成方言(dialects)。
- 通用语(lingua franca)是不同群体之间使用的共享语言(如网上的英语)。
A shared language used between groups who speak different first languages is a lingua . · 不同母语群体之间使用的共同语言是一种通用。
A lingua franca (like English online) bridges different language groups. · 通用语（如在线英语）连接不同的语言群体。
Match each term to its meaning. · 将下列术语与其含义匹配。
Universalizing = converts; ethnic = one group; lingua franca = shared language. · 世界性 = 寻求信徒；民族 = 一个群体；通用语 = 共享语言。
Do not confuse the two religion types. A universalizing religion actively seeks converts everywhere; an ethnic religion is usually tied to one people and place. The trap is assuming every religion spreads the same way.
不要混淆两种宗教类型。普世宗教到处主动寻求皈依者;民族宗教通常与一个民族和地方相连。陷阱在于假设每种宗教都以相同方式传播。
Islam spread by both conquest and trade across three continents, seeking converts — a universalizing religion. Hinduism, tied mainly to the people of India, spread chiefly when Indians migrated — an ethnic religion. English became a global lingua franca through trade and empire.
伊斯兰教通过征服和贸易在三大洲传播,寻求皈依者——是普世宗教。印度教主要与印度人民相连,主要在印度人迁移时传播——是民族宗教。英语通过贸易和帝国成为全球通用语。
Universalizing religions seek converts and spread widely; ethnic religions tie to one group and spread by migration. Languages form language families, split into dialects, and a shared lingua franca links different groups (English online).
普世宗教寻求皈依者并广泛传播;民族宗教与一个群体相连、通过迁移传播。语言构成语系,分裂成方言,共享的通用语连接不同群体(网上的英语)。