Types of Diffusion · 扩散类型
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| diffusion/dɪˈfjuːʒn/ | 扩散 | kuò sàn |
| hearth/hɑːθ/ | 源地 | yuán dì |
| relocation diffusion/rɪləʊˈkeɪʃn dɪˈfjuːʒn/ | 迁移扩散 | qiān yí kuò sàn |
| expansion diffusion/ekˈspænʃn dɪˈfjuːʒn/ | 扩展扩散 | kuò zhǎn kuò sàn |
| contagious/kənˈteɪdʒəs/ | 传染扩散 | chuán rǎn kuò sàn |
| hierarchical/haɪəˈrɑːkɪkl/ | 等级扩散 | děng jí kuò sàn |
| stimulus/ˈstɪmjʊləs/ | 刺激扩散 | cì jī kuò sàn |
How culture spreads
- Diffusion 扩散 is the spread of a cultural trait from its hearth 源地 (origin).
- There are two big families of diffusion.
- Knowing which type explains how an idea travelled.
文化如何传播
- 扩散(diffusion)是文化特征从其源地(hearth,起源地)向外传播。
- 扩散有两大类。
- 知道是哪种类型,能解释一个想法是如何传播的。
The place where a cultural trait begins is its . · 文化特质开始的地方是其。
The hearth is the origin from which diffusion spreads. · 源地是扩散开始的起源地。
Relocation diffusion
- Relocation diffusion 迁移扩散 spreads as people migrate.
- The trait appears in the new place but may fade at the source.
- Example: immigrants bringing their cuisine to a new country.
迁移扩散
- 迁移扩散(relocation diffusion)随人的迁移而传播。
- 特征出现在新地方,但在源地可能减弱。
- 例子:移民把自己的菜肴带到新国家。
In relocation diffusion, the trait spreads because people migrate and carry it. · 在迁移扩散中，特质随人们迁徙而被携带传播。
Relocation diffusion moves with migrating people. · 迁移扩散随移民人群移动。
Expansion diffusion
- Expansion diffusion 扩展扩散 spreads outward while staying strong at the source. Three types:
- Contagious 传染扩散 — person-to-person to nearby people (a viral video).
- Hierarchical 等级扩散 — from big, important places first (a trend from major cities); stimulus 刺激扩散 — the idea spreads even as the form changes (a chain adapting its menu).
扩展扩散
- 扩展扩散(expansion diffusion)向外传播,同时在源地保持强劲。三种类型:
- 传染扩散(contagious)——人传人给附近的人(一段爆红视频)。
- 等级扩散(hierarchical)——先从大而重要的地方传播(源自大城市的潮流);刺激扩散(stimulus)——想法传播,即使形式改变(连锁店调整菜单)。
Which type of diffusion? · 哪种类型的扩散？
Sort each example into its diffusion type. · 将每个例子归入其扩散类型。
A trend that appears in major cities before reaching small towns is spreading by ____ diffusion. · 在大城市出现后才蔓延至小城镇的趋势是通过____扩散传播的。
Big/important places first = hierarchical diffusion. · 大城市/重要地点先发生 = 等级式扩散。
Select all · 所有 types of expansion diffusion. · 选择所有****扩展扩散的类型。
Contagious, hierarchical, and stimulus are expansion types; relocation is separate. · 传染式、等级式和刺激式是扩展类型；迁移式是独立的。
Match each example to its diffusion type. · 将每个例子与其扩散类型匹配。
Relocation = moved with people; contagious = nearby; stimulus = idea spreads, form changes. · 迁移扩散 = 随人移动；传染扩散 = 邻近传播；刺激扩散 = 理念传播，形式改变。
The key split: in relocation diffusion the people move (and carry the trait); in expansion diffusion the people mostly stay and the trait spreads outward from a source that keeps it. Ask: did the carriers migrate, or did the idea jump while they stayed put?
关键区分:在迁移扩散中,人移动(并带着特征);在扩展扩散中,人大多留下,而特征从一个仍保有它的源地向外传播。要问:携带者迁移了,还是他们留在原地而想法跳了出去?
A viral dance spreading through a school is contagious (person to person, nearby). A fashion appearing in world capitals before small towns is hierarchical (big places first). Immigrants bringing a festival to a new country is relocation (it moved with them).
一支爆红舞蹈在学校里传开是传染扩散(人传人、就近)。一种时尚先出现在世界大都市、后到小城镇是等级扩散(大地方优先)。移民把一个节日带到新国家是迁移扩散(它随他们移动)。
Diffusion spreads a trait from its hearth. Relocation diffusion moves with migrating people; expansion diffusion spreads outward while staying strong at the source, in three forms: contagious (nearby), hierarchical (big places first), and stimulus (idea spreads, form changes).
扩散把特征从源地传播出去。迁移扩散随迁移的人移动;扩展扩散向外传播、同时在源地保持强劲,有三种形式:传染(就近)、等级(大地方优先)、刺激(想法传播、形式改变)。